'Nete kapa Sebete ho Tsamaea le Bohahlauli

Mashano a tšoana le lipompong lebenkeleng la lipompong - a hlaha ka mebala le boholo bo fapaneng mme a fana ka liphihlelo tse fapaneng. Mashano a mang a susumetsoa ke chelete le meharo, mashano a mang a susumetsoa ke litlhoko tsa boithati. Batho ba bang ba tla bua leshano ho qoba kotlo, ba bang ba bua leshano molemong oa ho baleha leshano, ha ba bang ba bua leshano ho pata leshano le fetileng.

Batho ka bomong ba ka bua leshano hanyane kapa hanyane, ho ipapisitse le ponelopele ea bona ea sephetho. Liindastering tse ling mashano a malimabe (ke hore, ngaka e laela moriana oo o nang le tjantjello ea lichelete mme mokuli a ba le karabelo e matla ea khatello). Maemong a mang, mashano ke tšitiso (ke hore, batsamaisi ba likhoebo ba shebana le ho thunya batsamaisi ho khelosa tlhokomelo ho thekiso e fokotsehang). Leshano la khoebo khafetsa le tsejoa e le lefu la One Stop Shop moo khoebo e reng e koahela litlhoko tsohle tsa hau empa e fana ka ts'ebetso e tlase ho feta ea linaleli bakeng sa boholo ba bona.

Setsi sa Boitsebiso ba Boitšoaro

Phuputso e entsoeng ke Setsi sa Boitsebiso ba Boitšoaro se fumane hore liindasteri tse nang le monyetla oa ho khumamela 'nete ke kamohelo ea baeti le lijo (liperesente tse 34 tsa basebetsi ba hlokometse mashano); bonono, boithabiso le boikhathollo (liperesente tse 34) le barekisi ba kakaretso (liperesente tse 32). Ho indasteri ea hotele, maeto le bohahlauli, mashano a sebelisetsoa ho koahela bonnete ba boemo bona. Likepe tsa likepe li leshano ka polokeho le bohloeki ba likepe tsa bona le bapalami ba kula le ho bolaoa ke likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng. Indasteri ea hotele e ikemiselitse ho koahela sebaka se futsanehileng, moea o fokolang o tsoang mochining o sa lekanang oa HVAC kapa litemana tse tsoang lefapheng la bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la kichine e nang le roach. Indasteri ea lifofane e bua ka boleng ba moea bo ka sekepeng ho koahela bonnete ba kabo ea likokoana-hloko e tsamaisoang ke moea ka sistimi ea moea o kenang le ho kula ho bakoang ke likhechana tsa khatello.

'Nete kapa Dare e lekola indasteri ea bohahlauli ka ho batla' nete 'me e fana ka khothaletso ea hore, ha re ntse re kenella ho 2021,' nete e fetoha motheo oa lits'ebetso tsohle tsa khoebo le karolo ea bohlokoa ea boiteko bohle ba ho bapatsa le ba likamano tsa sechaba.

Hobaneng ha indasteri ea bohahlauli e fifatsa 'nete?   

Re fihlile nakong eo, ho sa tsotelehe hore na ke mang ea buang, kapa seo re se balang, re botsang tlhaiso-leseling: 'nete kapa tšōmo. Ke fihlile moo ke sa tšepeng le diresepe tse tsoang ho MarthaStewart.com.

Baetapele ba sa tsebeng letho ba tsoang makaleng a sechaba le a poraefete ba silafalitse mohopolo oa lefatše oa 'nete hoo ntle le haeba re shoele bokong, ho bohlale ho se tšepe motho, ntle le, mohlomong lepetjo la United States, "Re tšepa Molimo." Ho latela Pew Research, ke liperesente tse 20 feela tsa batho ba baholo ba US ba tšepang mmuso ho Washington, DC ho "etsa se nepahetseng" kamehla kapa boholo ba nako (Loetse 14, 2020, pewresearch.org).

Linnete tse nkang sebaka

Patlisiso (2018) ea Richard Edelman, (Mopresidente le Motsamaisi ea ka Sehloohong oa k'hamphani ea likamano tsa sechaba) e fumane hore tahlehelo ea ts'epo e kanna ea ipapisa le taba ea hore ho thata ho tseba hore na ke eng le seo e seng 'nete.

Re ka botsa hore na ho na le meeli lipakeng tsa 'nete, maikutlo le tlhaiso-leseling e fosahetseng. Ha Moeletsi oa Amerika ho Mopresidente Donald Trump, Kellyanne Conway a re, nakong ea Puisano le Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso (Pherekhong 22, 2017), ho sireletsa polelo ea bohata ea Mongoli oa Litaba oa White House Sean Spicer mabapi le linomoro tsa ba bileng teng ha ho khakoloa Donald Trump e le Mopresidente oa United States, Conway e arabetse ka hore Spicer o fana ka "lintlha tse ling".

David Bersoff, Mofuputsi oa Edelman o nkile qeto ea hore demokrasi e ipapisitse le kutloisiso e arolelanoeng ea lintlha le tlhaiso-leseling e ka sebelisoang bakeng sa lipuisano le ho sekisetsa, "Ha seo se fela, motheo oohle oa demokrasi oa sisinyeha." Ke leboha Covid-19 le mehato e fosahetseng ea boetapele ba lefats'e, lefats'e le fetohile moferefere, le tletse ho hloka botsitso mme ha sena se busa naha, matla a nang le matla a ea sethaleng.

Indasteri ea bohahlauli, eo pele e neng e le tšiea ea mantlha moruong oa lefatše, ha e sa le teng ka mokhoa oo re neng re o tseba ka ona (haufinyane tjena ka 2019). Ka bomalimabe, indasteri, eo e leng khale e angoa ke likoluoa, ha e so khone ho theha kapa ho fumana tsela e lebisang ho aheng bocha ts'epo ea bareki. Sebakeng sa ho fana ka lintlha le lipalo, bareki ba feptjoa mashano a ipapisitse le lipatlisiso tse fosahetseng kapa Magical Thinking, ka tumelo ea hore litaba tse fosahetseng li tla susumetsa lipelo, likelello le likarete tsa mekoloto tsa batho, li ba busetse lifofaneng, litereneng le likoloing tse hiriloeng, ba tšoenyehile ho etsa lipeeletso bakeng sa maeto a phomolo le khoebo.

Ha se litaba hore likoluoa ​​(tsa tlhaho le tse entsoeng ke batho) li na le tšusumetso e mpe palo ea bahahlauli le boiphihlelo ba bahahlauli. Tabeng ea COVID-19 koluoa ​​ke ea tlhaho (vaerase) mme e entsoe ke motho (ho hasana ha ho laoloe) ho lebisang mathateng a moruo le bophelo bo botle ba lefats'e.

Indasteri ea bohahlauli e pholohile likoluoa ​​tsa nakong e fetileng: tsunami ea Leoatle la India e bolaile batho ba fetang 225,000 tikolohong eo (Tshitwe 26,2004), e lebisang ho fokotseheng ha bohahlauli ho Maldives; indasteri ea lifofane ea Europe e lahlehetsoe ke li-euro tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2.5 tlasa ts'usumetso ea leru la molora oa seretse se chesang se hlahisitsoeng ke ho phatloha ha seretse se chesang sa Iceland (2010). Litlhaselo tsa 9/11 United States (2001), li sentse ts'epo ea bahahlauli mme li hloka nako ea ho hlaphoheloa nako e telele e nkileng lilemo tse ka bang nne. Mathata a lichelete a 2008 a ile a fokotsa bohahlauli ba machabeng ka liperesente tse 4. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho fihla ha COVID-19, le bosieo ba boetapele bo matla le tlhaiso-leseling e tšepahalang, baeti ba ile ba ithuta ho belaela polokeho le polokeho ea libaka tsa bahahlauli le libaka tse hohelang, ba beha polokeho le polokeho ka pele ho mohato o sa tsejoeng.

Tlokotsi

Bafuputsi ba hlalosa likoluoa ​​e le "tšitiso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea sechaba kapa sechaba se bakang tahlehelo e atileng ea batho, thepa, moruo kapa tikoloho e fetang bokhoni ba sechaba se amehileng kapa sechaba ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa sona." Boikutlo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba ho se sireletsehe bo bakoang ke seoa sena bo bolela hore botle ba sebaka sa bahahlauli bo khethoa haholo ke ho amohela ha bona vaerase le netefatso ea polokeho le polokeho ea sebaka seo ba eang ho sona. Maeto ke karolo ea bohlokoa katlehisong ea sebaka sa bohahlaoli; leha ho le joalo, ha li lekane ho ba maemo a katleho, hobane, "ha ho polokeho ha ho bohahlauli."

Baetapele ba lipolotiki, batsamaisi ba khoebo, mecha ea litaba ea lapeng le ea machabeng ba hlokomelisitse motho e mong le e mong polaneteng ka likotsi tse amanang le COVID-19, ba khothatsa (haeba e sa qobelle) ho itšehla thajana le ho arola batho ba bang, ho totobatsa likotsi tse amanang le lihlopha le maeto. Litemoso tsena, hammoho le tšenyeho ea moruo, li thehile moea oa tšabo o sa faneng ka tikoloho bakeng sa maeto a khoebo kapa a boikhathollo, ho fella ka ho felisoa ho felletseng ha indasteri ea kamohelo ea baeti lefatšeng ka bophara.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Sengoloa sena sa litokelo tsa mantlha, ho kenyeletsoa linepe, se kanna sa hlahisoa bocha ntle le tumello e ngotsoeng ea mongoli.

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