Tšebelisano ea hae le Atchison, Topeka le Sante Fe Railway e ile ea hlahisa bahahlauli ba bangata ba bacha Amerika Boroa-Bophirima ka ho etsa hore maeto a terene le ho jela a be monate le ho ba monate. Ka ho sebelisa baetsi ba litšoantšo ba Matsoalloa a Amerika, Fred Harvey Company e ile ea boela ea bokella mehlala ea libaskete tsa matsoalloa a moo, lifaha, lipopi tsa kachina, lipitsa tsa letsopa le masela. Harvey o ne a tsejoa e le "Civilizer of the West."
Nako e telele pele Congress ea US e khetha Pholo ea Naha ea Grand Canyon ka 1919, bahahlauli ba pele ba ile ba tla ka li-stagecoach 'me ba robala litenteng, liphaposing kapa lihoteleng tsa khoebo tsa khale. Leha ho le joalo, ha Atchison, Topeka le Sante Fe Railway li bula spur hoo e ka bang ka ho toba ho South Rim ea Grand Canyon, e ile ea baka khaello ea bolulo bo lekaneng. Ka 1902, Sante Fe Railway e ile ea laela hore ho hahoe El Tovar, hotele ea boemo ba pele ba mekato e mene e entsoeng ke setsebi sa meralo sa Chicago, Charles Whittlesey, se nang le likamore tse ka bang lekholo. Hotele e bitsa $250,000 ho e haha 'me e ne e le hotele e ntle ka ho fetisisa e ka bophirimela ho Noka ea Mississippi. E ile ea bitsoa "El Tovar" ho tlotla Pedro de Tovar oa Coronado Expedition. Ho sa tsotellehe litšobotsi tsa eona tse majaba-jaba, hotele ena e ne e e-na le jenereithara e fehlang ka mashala e tsamaisang mabone a motlakase, mocheso oa mouoane, metsi a phallang a chesang le a batang le lipeipi tsa metsi ka tlung. Leha ho le joalo, kaha ho ne ho se le e ’ngoe ea phaposi ea baeti e neng e e-na le ntloana ea boithomelo, baeti ba ne ba sebelisa ntloana ea sechaba mokatong o mong le o mong oa mekato e mene.
Hape hoteleng ena e ne e e-na le ntlo ea ho lema litholoana le meroho e foreshe, ntlo ea likhoho le mohlape oa lebese bakeng sa ho fana ka lebese le foreshe. Likarolo tse ling li ne li kenyelletsa sebaka sa ho kuta moriri, solarium, jarete e kaholimo ho marulelo, kamore ea libilione, likamore tsa bonono le tsa 'mino le litšebeletso tsa mohala tsa Western Union sebakeng sa kamohelo.
Hotele e ncha e hahiloe pele Grand Canyon e fetoha serapa sa naha sa Federale se sirelelitsoeng ka mor'a ketelo ea Mopresidente Theodore Roosevelt ea 1903 Canyon. Roosevelt o itse, "Ke batla ho le kopa ho etsa ntho e le 'ngoe e amanang le eona molemong oa hau le molemong oa naha- ho boloka mohlolo ona o moholo oa tlhaho joalo ka ha o le teng hona joale ... ke tšepa hore ha u na ho ba le moaho mofuta ofe kapa ofe, eseng ntloana ea lehlabula, hotele kapa eng kapa eng, ho senya bokhabane bo hlollang, bokhabane, botle bo boholo le botle ba Canyon. E tlohele kamoo e leng kateng. U ke ke ua ntlafatsa ho eona. ”
Lireschorente tsa Fred Harvey li hahiloe hoo e ka bang lik'hilomithara tse ling le tse ling tse 100 haufi le Sante Fe Railway ho pholletsa le Kansas, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico le California. O ne a sebetsa lireschorenteng tsa hae le lihotele le "Harvey Girls", basali ba bacha ba hiriloe ho pholletsa le US ba nang le "boitšoaro bo botle, bonyane thuto ea sehlopha sa borobeli, mekhoa e metle, puo e hlakileng le ponahalo e makhethe." Ba bangata ba bona hamorao ba ile ba nyaloa ke bo-ranchers le bo-cowboys 'me ba reha bana ba bona "Fred" kapa "Harvey". Motlalehi Will Rogers o itse ka Fred Harvey, "O ile a boloka bophirima lijong le basaling."
El Tovar e ile ea behoa ho Register ea Naha ea Libaka tsa Histori ka September 6, 1974. E phatlalalitsoe e le National Historic Landmark ka May 28, 1987 'me ke setho sa Historic Hotels of America ho tloha 2012. Hotele e 'nile ea e-ba le mabone a kang Albert. Einstein, Zane Gray, Mopresidente Bill Clinton, Paul McCartney, har'a ba bang ba bangata.
Lebenkele la Limpho la Hopi House (1905) le hahiloe hore le kopane le tikoloho ea boahelani 'me la etsoa mohlala oa matlo a Hopi pueblo a neng a sebelisa thepa ea tlhaho ea lehae joalo ka lejoe la lehlabathe le junipere kahong ea ona. Le ha El Tovar a ne a ipapisitse le litatso tsa maemo a holimo, Hopi House e ne e emetse thahasello e ntseng e hola ea bonono le mesebetsi ea matsoho ea India Boroa-bophirima e khothalelitsoeng ke Fred Harvey Company le Sante Fe Railway.
Hopi House e entsoe ke setsebi sa meralo Mary Jane Elizabeth Colter ho qala ho kopana le Fred Harvey Company le National Park Service e ileng ea nka lilemo tse fetang 40. E ne e entsoe le ho hahoa e le sebaka sa ho rekisa litšoantšo tsa Maindia. O ile a kōpa thuso ho litsebi tsa litšoantšo tsa Hopi tse tsoang metseng e haufi ho thusa ho haha mohaho oo. Colter o ile a etsa bonnete ba hore hare-hare e bontša mekhoa ea ho haha ea sebakeng sa Pueblo. Lifensetere tse nyane le siling e tlase li fokotsa khanya ea letsatsi e matla ea lehoatata 'me li fana ka moea o pholileng le o monate kahare. Mohaho ona o kenyelletsa li-niche tsa mabota, li-fireplaces, mabota a adobe, pente ea lehlabathe la Hopi le aletare ea mekete. Lichimele li entsoe ka linkho tsa letsopa tse pshatlehileng tse phuthetsoeng le ho kopanngoa hammoho.
Ha mohaho o buloa, mokato oa bobeli o ne o bontša pokello ea likobo tsa khale tsa Navajo, tse neng li hapile khau e khōlō Sebokeng sa Lefatše sa St. Louis sa 1904. Pontšo ena qetellong e ile ea fetoha Fred Harvey Fine Arts Collection, e neng e kenyelletsa likarolo tse ka bang 5,000 XNUMX tsa bonono ba Matsoalloa a Amerika. Pokello ea Harvey e ile ea etela United States, ho kenyelletsa le libaka tse tummeng tse kang Field Museum e Chicago le Carnegie Museum e Pittsburgh, hammoho le libaka tsa machaba tse kang Berlin Museum.
Hopi House, nakong eo le hona joale, e fana ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea bonono le mesebetsi ea matsoho ea Matsoalloa a Amerika e rekisoang: lipitsa tsa letsopa le litšoantšo tse betliloeng holim'a lihata tse roetsoeng ka likobo le limmete tsa Navajo tse lohiloeng ka letsoho, libaskete tse fanyehiloeng maballong a makhasi a epolotsoeng, lipopi tsa kachina, limaske tsa mekete, le litšoantšo tse betliloeng tsa mapolanka tse khantšitsoeng ke khanya e khantšitsoeng ea lifensetere tse nyenyane tsa mohaho. Litšoantšo tsa Hopi li khabisa mabota a litepisi, 'me lintho tsa khale tsa bolumeli ke karolo ea kamore ea tempele.
K’hamphani ea Fred Harvey e ile ea mema litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tsa Hopi hore li bontše kamoo li etsang mabenyane, lipitsa tsa letsopa, likobo le lintho tse ling tse neng li tla rekisoa. E le phapanyetsano, ba ile ba amohela meputso le bolulo Hopi House, empa ha ho mohla ba kileng ba ba le beng ba Hopi House 'me ba ne ba sa lumelloa ho rekisa thepa ea bona ka ho toba ho bahahlauli. Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1920, Khamphani ea Fred Harvey e ile ea qala ho lumella Maindia a mang a Hopi hore a be le boikarabelo khoebong. Porter Timeche o ne a hiretsoe ho bontša ho loha likobo empa o ne a rata ho qoqa le baeti hoo e neng e le ka seoelo a qetang kobo ho e rekisa, ka nako eo o ile a fuoa mosebetsi oa ho rekisa lebenkeleng la limpho la Hopi House. Hamorao o ile a sebeletsa e le moreki oa litumello tsa Fred Harvey Grand Canyon. Fred Kabotie, sebini se tummeng se ileng sa penta setšoantšo sa Hopi Snake Legend ka har'a Desert View Watchtower, o ne a laola lebenkele la limpho Hopi House bohareng ba bo-1930.
Ho latela botumo ba Hopi House baeti ba bangata ba ka ’na ba nahana hore Mahopi e ne e le oona feela moloko o hlahetseng Grand Canyon, empa sena hase ’nete ho hang. Ha e le hantle, kajeno merabe e 12 e fapaneng e tsejoa e le e nang le maqhama a setso le Canyon, ’me National Park Service e ’nile ea sebeletsa ho hlokomela litlhoko tsa setso tsa lihlopha tsena tse ling hape.
Hopi House e ile ea khethoa hore e be National Historic Landmark ka 1987. Nakong ea tokiso e feletseng ka 1995, baeletsi ba Hopi ba ile ba kenya letsoho boitekong ba tsosoloso 'me ba thusa ho netefatsa hore ha ho le e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa pele tsa meralo kapa tsa moralo tse fetotsoeng. Hopi House le Lookout Studio ke meaho e tlatsetsang haholo Seterekeng sa Naha sa Histori sa Naha sa Grand Canyon.
PIKANE STANLEY
MONGOLI OA TŠEPISANG MOSEBETSI: Stanley Turkel o ile a khethoa e le Rahistori oa Selemo oa 2020 ke Historic Hotels of America, lenaneo le molaong la National Trust for Historic Preservation, leo a neng a reiloe lebitso la lona pejana ka 2015 le 2014. Turkel ke moeletsi oa hotele ea phatlalatsoang ho fetisisa United States. O sebetsa ka mokhoa oa hae oa boeletsi ba hotele e le paki e nang le boiphihlelo linyeoeng tse amanang le hotele, o fana ka taolo ea thepa le lipuisano tsa ho rekisa ka lihotele. O netefalitsoe e le Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus ke Setsi sa Thuto sa American Hotel le Lodging Association. [imeile e sirelelitsoe] 917-628-8549
Buka ea hae e ncha "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" e sa tsoa phatlalatsoa.
Libuka tse ling tse hatisitsoeng tsa Hotel:
• Lihotele tse Khabane tsa Amerika: Bo-pula-maliboho ba indasteri ea lihotele (2009)
• E hahiloe ka nako e telele: Lihotele tse 100+ tsa New York (2011)
• E hahiloe ka nako e telele: Lihotele tse lilemo li 100+ tsa Bochabela ho Mississippi (2013)
• Hotele Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt, Oscar oa Waldorf (2014)
• Lihotele tsa Great American Hoteliers Karolo ea 2: Bo-pula-maliboho ba indasteri ea Hotel (2016)
• E hahiloe ka nako e telele: Lihotele tse 100+ tse nang le lilemo tse ngata Bophirimela ho Mississippi (2017)
• Hotel Mavens Buka ea 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)
• Baetsi ba Lihotele ba Great American Hotel Moqolo I (2019)
• Hotele Mavens: Buka ea 3: Bob le Larry Tisch, Ralph Hitz, Cesar Ritz, Curt Strand
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