Sehloohong sena sa molao oa maeto, re hlahloba nyeoe ea Brown v. Oceania Cruises, Inc., Case No. 17-22645-CIV-ALTONAGE/Goodman (SD Fla. May 30, 2018) moo "Moqosi (ea lilemo li 78) le monna oa hae (batsamai ba iphetang)…e ne e le bapalami sekepeng sa cruise Riviera (le) khetha(ed) le ho reka(d) (maeto a lebopong) ho ipapisitse le thepa ea papatso ea maeto a sekepe.
Ha u khetha leeto la lebōpong la leoatle (baqosi) tlosa (d) ho tloha (ba bona) ho nahana ka maeto ohle a nang le matšoao a bonolo kapa a thata / a boima, ho nahanoa feela ka maeto a nang le matšoao a 'itekanetse'. (Leetong lena) Moqosi o ile a reka Virgin Gorda le Baths Excursion in Tortola, British Virgin Islands...kamora (ba) ho amohela Cruise Vacation Guide, papatso ea mebaraka e rometsoeng ho (bona) ke moqosuoa (e leng) e hlalositseng Excursion. e le 'ketso e itekanetseng'…Ha a ntse a hloa tsela ... leoto la moqosi le ile la tšoaroa pakeng tsa majoe a mabeli 'me leoto la hae le robehile…Ka mor'a hore ngaka ea sekepe sa sekepe se buelle hore Moqosi a theohe (o) o ile a isoa Sepetleleng sa People's Tortola (empa) a hana ho buuoa (mme) hang ha a khutlela Florida ... o ile a buuoa leqaqailaneng 'me a qeta libeke tse' maloa a lutse setulong sa likooa ”.
Baqosi ba qosa le ho qosa ho se tsotelle, bomenemene, ho tlola Khaolo ea 817.41 Florida Statutes le ho se tsotelle.
Litlhahiso tsa kahlolo ea kakaretso ea baqosi le moqosuoa li hanetsoe.
Nyeoe ea Brown e hlahisa taba e ncha eo e leng bohlokoa ba molao ba litekanyetso tsa maeto a maoatle ao mekoloko ea likepe e hlalosang boemo ba maeto ao ba a khothalletsang. Ka mohlala, taba ea Virgin Gorda le Baths Excursion (The Excursion) e hlalosoa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng tsa maeto a sekepe, ke hore, Oceania e hlalositse Excursion e le "mosebetsi o itekanetseng"; Seven Seas Cruises (eo hape e tsejoang e le Regent) e lekanya leeto la Excursion 'ketso e boima'; NCL (Bahamas) Ltd, e fane ka lintlha tsa Excursion e le "Activity Level 3".
Likhohlano ka Se boleloang ke Mantsoe
"Moqosuoa o hlokomela litsela tse ling tse ngata tsa ho tsamaea ka sekepe ho bapatsa Leeto le nang le litlhaloso tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa 'e boima', 'e mahlahahlaha', 'ho tsamaea sebakeng se moepa le se thellang' le 'ho itekanetse'. Moqosuoa o tiisa hore litlhaloso le litemoso tse fanoeng ke litsela tse ling tsa maeto a sekepe mabapi le Excursion li tšoana haholo le tsa eona ("mosebetsi o itekanetseng"). Moqosuoa o hanyetsa papiso ea Moqosuoa mabapi le tlhaloso ea eona le litemoso ho tsa litsela tse ling tsa maeto ka lebaka la hore ho ka 'na ha e-ba le 'ho se lumellane' pakeng tsa leeto la Moqosuoa le tse fanoang ke lik'hamphani tse ling".
Lekhotla I-Ho se tsotelle
"Moqosuoa o pheha khang ea hore o na le tokelo ea ho akaretsa kahlolo ea hae ea bohlasoa hobane Moqosuoa o hlōlehile mosebetsing oa hae oa ho lemosa ka kotsi ea sebaka sa Excursion, 'me ho hlōleha hona ho ile ha baka kotsi ea hae. Ka lehlakoreng la hae, Moqosuoa o tsitlallela hore e na le tokelo ea ho akaretsa kahlolo…hobane lintlha tsa eona tsa leeto e ne e se tlhaloso e nepahetseng, o ile a lemosa hangata moqosi ka boemo bo boima ba Excursion, maemo a tsela a ne a bulehile a bile a hlakile le bohlasoa bofe kapa bofe bo teng. ha ea ka ea baka kotsi ea Moqosi…Moqosuoa oa lumela hore Moqosuoa o fane ka litemoso, empa o re litemoso li ne li 'sa lekana' hobane ba hlalositse Leeto e le ketso e ' itekanetseng'. Moqosuoa le Moqosuoa ha ba lumellane ka ho hlaka tabeng ea hore na tlhaloso ea Moqosuoa ea Leeto e le 'tekanyetso' e ne e le temoso e lekaneng, 'me lehlakore ka leng le qotsa lintlha tse tsoang tlalehong ho tšehetsa tlhaloso ea eona ea temoso…Lekhotla le ke ke la iketsetsa qeto… o ile a kgotsofatsa mosebetsi wa Mosekisiwa wa ho hlokomedisa Moqosi ka dikotsi tseo a neng a di tseba kapa ho utlwahala a ne a lokela ho di tseba. Ho na le khang e hlakileng ea 'nete ea lintho tse bonahalang le) potso ea hore na ke puo efe e lekaneng ho lemosa ka likotsi tsa Excursion ke taba ea 'nete hore lekhotla le etse qeto…Ho feta moo le haeba likotsi tse hlahisoang ke Excursion li ne li bulehile li bile li hlakile, '[ t] o mafura a tletlebong-a kotsi e bulehile 'me e totobetse hase bareng kakaretso ho hlaphoheloa (ho qotsa Pucci v. Carnival Corp., 146 F. Supp. 3d 1281, 1289 (SD Fla. 2015)).
Bala II-Bomenemene
"Ho paka hore Moqosuoa o entse polelo e fosahetseng ea 'nete, Moqosi o re thepa ea papatso ea Moqosuoa e na le 'tlhaloso e fosahetseng le e sa lekaneng ka lebaka la Excursion hobane ba bitsitse Excursion e leka-lekane ho e-na le e boima ... Excursion e le 'tekanyetso'. Moqosuoa o bolela hore Moqosuoa o entse joalo; ha Moqosuoa a re 'Excursion' [e] ile ea rekisoa e le 'ea itekanetseng' ka kopo ea baetsi ba bohahlauli, Island Shipping and Trading Co., eseng Oceania'. Se boleloang ke litaba tsa thepa ea ho bapatsa le sona sea phehisana... Liqeto tsa 'nete mabapi le hore na thepa ea papatso ea Moqosuoa ke polelo ea bohata ke taba ea lekhotla, eseng Lekhotla”.
Bala Phatlalatso ea III-E khelosang
“Tlaleho ea moqosi ea papatso e khelosang e hlaha tlas’a Karolo ea 817.41, Florida Statutes. '[T] o ts'oara khato ea lehae bakeng sa ho tlola molao [moqosi o tlameha] ho paka karolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea bomenemene ba molao molemong oa ts'usumetso, ho kenyeletsoa ts'epo le ts'enyehelo, molemong oa ho khutlisa litšenyehelo'…Ho na le likhohlano ka tlhompho. hore na Moqosuoa o hlanya polelo e fosahetseng ea 'nete ea lintho tse bonahalang. Moqosi o itšetlehile ka lintlha tsa Excursion tse fanoeng ke Regent Seven Seas Cruises le Norwegian Cruise Line ho pheha khang hore lintlha tsa Moqosuoa tsa 'moderate' ke tlhahiso e fosahetseng. Ho ea ka Moqosuoa, tekanyo ea eona ea Excursion ha se tlhaloso e fosahetseng hobane litekanyetso ha lia rereloa ho emela 'nete leha e le efe ea sepheo ho hang [ena ke phapang ea ts'ireletso ea puffing linyeoeng tse tloaelehileng tsa bomenemene]. Mosekisiwa hape o re ditekanyetso tsa basebetsi ba bang ba Virgin Gorda le leeto la Baths-ho kenyeletswa le tsa Carnival Cruise Line, Norwegian Cruise Line le Shire Excursions Group-li tšoana le lintlha tsa eona tse 'tekanyelitsoeng', tse bontšang hore lintlha li nepahetse…Nnete e ipapisitseng le tsena. litseko lia tsekoa”.
fihlela qeto e
Ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho tšoana har'a litsela tse fapa-fapaneng tsa maeto a sekepe mabapi le hore na leeto le tšoanang la mabōpo le hlalosoa joang. Nyeoe ea Brown e thusa bapalami ba likepe ka ho lebisa tlhokomelo ea Lekhotla ho itlhalosa ka boits'oaro ba leeto la leoatle.
Patricia le Tom Dickerson
Sengoli, Thomas A. Dickerson, o hlokahetse ka la 26 Phupu, 2018 a le lilemo li 74. Ka mosa oa lelapa la hae, eTurboNews o ntse a lumelloa ho arolelana lingoloa tsa hae tseo re nang le tsona faeleng eo a re romelletseng eona bakeng sa phatlalatso ea beke le beke e tlang.
Hon. Dickerson o ile a tlohela mosebetsi e le Associate Justice of the Appellate Division, Lefapha la Bobeli la Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo la Naha ea New York mme a ngola ka Travel Law ka lilemo tse 42 ho kenyeletsoa le libuka tsa hae tsa molao tse ntlafalitsoeng selemo le selemo, Travel Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in Makhotla a Amerika, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Liketso tsa Sehlopha: Molao oa Linaha tse 50, Law Journal Press (2018), le lingoloa tse fetang 500 tsa molao tseo bongata ba tsona e leng fumaneha mona. Bakeng sa litaba tse ling tsa molao oa maeto le lintlafatso, haholo-holo linaheng tseo e leng litho tsa EU, bona IFTTA.org.
Bala tse ngata tsa Lingoloa tsa Moahloli Dickerson Mona.
Sengoloa sena se kanna sa se hlahisoa bocha ntle le tumello.
