Lifate tsa Europe li Fetola Viticulture ea Amerika Boroa: Leeto

Tantši e rarahaneng pakeng tsa bafuputsi ba Europe, baromuoa, bajaki le matsoalloa a moo e ile ea tšoaea ho qaleha ha temo ea viticulture karolong ena ea lefatše.

Phuputso ea 1498 ea Christopher Columbus ea amerika e boroaLebopo la lebopo le ka leboea le ile la etsa hore ho be le lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa Europe le bokolone mathoasong a lekholo la bo16 la lilemo. Bahapi ba Spain, ba bohlokoa ho hlahiseng mefuta ea limela tsa Europe joalo ka morara oa veine, hangata ba fihla ka litsela tse seng li le teng Mexico. Ho tloha ka 1524, Hernan Cortes o ne a ntse a lema veine Mexico, 'me Hacienda de San Lorenzo e Parras Valley e eme e le sebaka sa pele sa khoebo sa veine kantle ho Europe, se ntse se tsoela pele joalo ka Casa Madero.

Baromuoa, ba susumetsoang ke mesebetsi ea boevangeli le ho batla naha ea Spain le matlotlo, ba ile ba matlafatsa khōlo ea temo ea lifate tsa morara.

Lilemong tsa bo-1540, Francisco de Carabantes o ile a lema lifate tsa morara Phuleng ea Ica, a tsoala Tacama, e 'ngoe ea lirapa tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tsa morara Peru. Selemong sa 16th ho bile le liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa, ho kenyeletsoa ho lema lifate tsa morara ke Hernando de Montenegro le ho thehoa ha setsi sa pele sa veine Argentina ke Juan Cedron.

Bohareng ba lekholo la bo16 la lilemo ho ile ha bona mohoebi oa Lenyesemane Francis Drake a hapa sekepe se jereng veine ea Chile ka 1578, e tšoaeang nako ea tlhoko ea lefats'e ea veine ea Peru. Leha ho le joalo, liketsahalo tse sebakeng sena li ile tsa lebisa ho theoha ha tlhahiso ea veine qetellong ea lekholo lena.

Lipatlisiso li bontša hore ka 1554, bahlōli ba Spain le baromuoa ba ile ba isa lifate tsa morara tsa Europe Vitis vinifera Chile. Juan Cedron, moromuoa oa Lesepanishe, o ile a etela Santiago del Estero e ka leboea ho Argentina ka 1556, a qalisa setsi sa pele sa veine sa Argentina.

Bolivia, ka 1560, e ile ea e-ba sebaka se latelang seo baromuoa ba Spain ba eang ho sona bakeng sa ho lema lifate tsa morara, ba hlahisa mefuta ea Criolla le ho rua molemo ho boemo bo botle ba leholimo ba Andes bo phahameng.

Kajeno, indasteri ea veine ea Amerika Boroa ke lejoe la motheo la moruo oa Argentina, Peru, le Chile, e kenyang letsoho ho khiro, ho romela kantle ho naha, bohahlauli le kholo ea moruo ka kakaretso.

Linaha tse Eteletseng Pele le Mefuta e Tloaelehileng

Argentina le Chile ke tsona tse laolang 'maraka oa veine oa Amerika Boroa, e leng karolo ea 80 lekholong ea tlhahiso. Brazil e emetse liperesente tse ka bang 10, le Colombia, uruguay, le Peru le eona e kenya letsoho.

Mefuta e Tloaelehileng:

Argentina: Malbec (liperesente tse 22), Cereza (liperesente tse 12), le Bonarda (liperesente tse 8)

Brazil: Chardonnay, White Moscato, Glera; mefubetsoana e laoloang ke Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, le Pinot Noir

Chile: Cabernet Sauvignon (liperesente tse 29), Sauvignon Blanc (liperesente tse 11), le Merlot, Chardonnay, Carmenere, le Pais (liperesente tse 8 ka ngoe)

Colombia: Morara o tsoang ka boroa ho Italy ho kenyeletsa Nebbiolo, Nero D'Avola, le Zibibbo

Peru: Morara wa veine e kgubedu o kenyeletsa Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tannat, Syrah, le Grenache; Morara o mosweu o kenyelletsa Muscat, Sauvignon Blanc, le Torrontes

Uruguay: Tannat (liperesente tse 36), Merlot (liperesente tse 10), Chardonnay (liperesente tse 7), Cabernet Sauvignon, le Sauvignon Blanc (liperesente tse 6 ho e 'ngoe)

Phetoho ea Veine ea Uruguay: Ho tloha ho Baromuoa ba Majesuite ho ea ho Sommeliers

Maemo a Ho Hola Morara a Fapaneng

Maemo a ho hola a morara Amerika Boroa, a tlohang 15-40 degrees latitude e ka boroa, a qothisana lehlokoa le libaka tse tsebahalang tsa Northern Hemisphere. Maemo a ikhethang Profinseng ea Mendoza ea Argentina, e nang le lirapa tsa morara tse bophahamo ba limithara tse 2,800 ho isa ho tse 5,000 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle, le libaka tse lebopong la leoatle la Chile tse susumelitsoeng ke Humboldt Current, li bonts'a mefuta-futa.

Mathata a Tlelaemete le Tšusumetso ea Phetoho ea Moeli oa Carbon

Indasteri ea veine ea Amerika Boroa e tobane le mathata a phetoho ea maemo a leholimo a amang ho butsoa ha morara, khatello ea metsi le ho qhoma ha mafu. European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) e hlahisa tšokelo e kholo, e ka bang le tšusumetso tlholisanong le phaello.

Bahlahisi ba ikamahanya le mefuta ea morara e tsitsitseng, paballo ea metsi ka ho nosetsa ka marotholi, le ho amohela mehloli ea matla e ka nchafatsoang.

Khaello ea Metsi le Liphetoho tsa Glacial

Khaello ea metsi, e amanang le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le keketseho ea baahi, e baka bothata bo boholo Chile le Argentina. Litahlehelo tsa leqhoa ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950, hammoho le ho se kholisehe ho fumaneha ha metsi, li hlahisa matšoenyeho mabapi le libaka tse omeletseng / tse omeletseng tsa viticulture.

Mohloli o ka sehloohong oa metsi o tsoa ho qhibiliha ha lehloa le bokellaneng mariha le leqhoa le fepang linōka le metsi. Lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng, maqhoa a leqhoa ho pholletsa le Andes a bile le tahlehelo ea bohlokoa. Ho tloha ka 1950 ho ’nile ha hlokomeloa keketseho e khōlō e tsitsitseng ea sekhahla sa ho ntšoa ha leqhoa. Sena se 'nile sa lumellana le liphetoho tse ling tsa boemo ba leholimo tse bonoang sebakeng sa tropike sa tropike le sebaka se tlaase sa stratosphere bohareng ho ea holimo. Ho boetse ho bile le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha leqhoa esita le ho nyamela ka botlalo ha leqhoa ka lebaka la phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le ho se tsitse ha pula ea phumaneho ea metsi libakeng tse ngata tse omeletseng / tse omeletseng tse ikemiselitseng temo ea viticulture ka boroa ho Amerika Boroa. Liqhoqhoane li ka ba tsa nyamela.

Ho fokotseha ha ozone Karolong e ka Boroa ea Lefatše ho eketsa lera le leng la ho rarahana, ho ka fetolang tatso ea veine.

Ho sebetsana le liqholotso tsena, bahlahisi ba veine ba Amerika Boroa ba qobelleha ho sebelisa mekhoa e tšoarellang, ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone, le ho hlahloba tšebelisano 'moho ho fokotsa phello ea CBAM.

Litlhahiso tsa thepa

Ho romela veine kantle ho naha ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng haholo ka lebaka la melao ea khoebo, litefiso, le litlhoko tsa ho ngola. Baetsi ba veine ba Amerika Boroa hangata ba kopana le litšitiso ha ba leka ho fihlella 'maraka oa machaba, e leng se fokotsang bokhoni ba bona ba ho rekisa thepa. Ho feta moo, sebaka sena se tsebahala ka ho se tsitse ha moruo ho amang litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, litheko, le phaello ea lifeme tsa veine. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a lichelete le ho phahama ha litheko ho ama thekiso ea lehae le ea machabeng.

diphepetso tse

Mafaratlhatlha le thekenoloji di a tlhaela mo madirelong a mofeine a mantsi a gantsi a dirang gore go nne le go sa tshwaneng ga boleng le bontsi jwa dibeine tse di tlhagisiwang mo gae. Phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e baka tšokelo ho bohle ba etsang veine ba Amerika Boroa Ba amohelang phephetso, mekhoa ea ho ikamahanya le maemo le lits'ebetso ba ekelitse likotsi tse tsoang ho maemo a leholimo a sa lebelloang a feteletseng.

Likopo tsa Bareki

Bareki ba khetha ho emela veine e hlahisoang ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng, 'me leha baetsi ba veine ba lehae ba ntse ba sebelisa mekhoa e tšoarellang, ho nka nako le lisebelisoa tsa lichelete ho aha botumo ba mekhoa ea tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa tikoloho.

Baetsi ba veine ba Amerika Borwa ba tsepamisitse maikutlo hodima palo e lekanyeditsweng ya mefuta ya morara, jwalo ka Malbec le Carmenere. Le hoja mefuta-futa e le khetho, baetsi ba veine ba setso ba bangata ha ba tšoenyehe ho amohela mefuta e nyalisitsoeng.

Ho thata ho aha metjha e sebetsang hantle le e hlwahlwa ya kabo le ho netefatsa boteng bo tsitsitseng ba veine mebarakeng ya bohlokwa. Mathata a kabo a hloka matsete a bohlokoa mme lisebelisoa li kanna tsa se fumanehe habonolo ho moetsi oa veine oa Amerika Boroa.

Ho eketsa ho rarahana le ho feta indastering, litakatso tsa bareki le likhetho li lula li fetoha, 'me ho ikamahanya le liphetoho tsena litlhoko tsa' maraka ho bitsa chelete e ngata, ho ja nako, 'me hangata ho kotsi.

Leha ho na le liqholotso tsena, baetsi ba veine ba Amerika Boroa ba hatetse pele haholo lilemong tse mashome tse sa tsoa feta, 'me libaka tse ling li fumane tumello ea machaba bakeng sa veine ea bona ea boleng bo holimo. Ka ho rarolla mathata, ho tsetela ho thekenoloji le meralo ea motheo, ho fapanyetsana lihlahisoa tsa bona, le ho shebana le mekhoa e tšoarellang, baetsi ba veine ba Amerika Boroa ba kanna ba eketsa katleho ea bona indastering ea lefats'e ea veine.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Sengoloa sena sa litokelo tsa mantlha, ho kenyeletsoa linepe, se kanna sa hlahisoa bocha ntle le tumello e ngotsoeng ea mongoli.