Basebetsi ba tsebahalang ba lipatlisiso ba sebetsa bosiu le motšehare ho fana ka tataiso ea hore na u ka itlhokomela joang haeba u belaella hore u na le bokuli COVID-19 coronavirus.
Lithuto tsa bongaka ho COVID-19 li ntse li lokolloa ka lebelo, hangata li baka pherekano ka litaba tse bonolo tse kang ho kokobetsa bohloko, kapa ho hlokomela litho tsa malapa tse kulang lapeng.
Bakeng sa tataiso, National Geographic e ile ea sheba lingaka le bafuputsi ba etelletseng pele ho pholletsa le US le Canada bakeng sa likhothaletso tsa bona mabapi le tlhokomelo ea malapeng, le hore na ba batle lingaka neng.
Lingaka tse tšeletseng tse etellang pele li hlalosa seo re se tsebang ho fihlela joale ho phekola COVID-19 ka kamoreng ea maemo a tšohanyetso le hae.
MOKHOA OA HO LEBETSA LEFATSA
Litaba tse monate ke hore liperesente tse 80 tsa linyeoe tsohle tsa COVID-19 li bonts'a matšoao a bonolo ho isa ho a sa hlokeng ho kena sepetlele. Lingaka li khothaletsa hore bakuli bana ba itšehle thajana, ba lule ba le metsi, ba ja hantle, mme ba laole matšoao a bona ka hohle kamoo ba ka khonang.
Bakeng sa ho hlokomela feberu e amanang le mafu a mangata, ho kenyeletsoa le COVID-19, lingaka li etsa tlhahiso ea ho noa acetaminophen — e tsejoang machabeng e le paracetamol — pele ho ibuprofen. Haeba feberu e phehella, bakuli ba lokela ho nahana ka ho fetohela ibuprofen, ho bolela Julie Autmizguine, setsebi sa mafu a tšoaetsanoang a bana ho CHU Sainte-Justine ho la Montreal, Canada.
Eena le lingaka tse ling ba hlahisa khetho ena hobane ibuprofen le lithethefatsi tse amanang le eona-tse bitsoang li-NSAID ka bokhutšoanyane-li ka ba le litla-morao tse kotsi ho ba kulang ka COVID-19 coronavirus, ho kenyelletsa le kotsi ea liphio, liso tsa ka mpeng le ho tsoa mali ka mpeng.
Leha ho le joalo, tlhokomeliso ena ha e bolele hore ibuprofen le li-NSAID li mpefatsa sephetho le coronavirus, joalo ka ha litaba tsa litaba tsa vaerase li khothalelitsoe bekeng e fetileng kamora hore Lefapha la Bophelo la Fora le re litlhare li lokela ho qojoa nakong ea kalafo ea COVID-19.
"Ha ke tsebe hore li-NSAID li bontšitsoe e le bothata bo bobe bakeng sa lefu lena kapa bakeng sa coronavirus efe kapa efe," ho bolela setsebi sa coronavirus Stanley Perlman, ngaka ea bana le immunologist Univesithing ea Iowa ea Carver College of Medicine.
Acetaminophen le eona e na le likotsi, 'me batho ba lokela ho e nka hafeela ba sa alejiki kapa ba se na tšenyo e teng sebeteng. Meriana e sireletsehile ka litekanyetso tsohle tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse ka tlase ho limiligrama tse 3,000, empa ho feta boholo ba letsatsi le letsatsi ho ka beha kotsi ea sebete kapa hobe le ho feta.
José Manautou, setsebi sa chefo Univesithing ea Connecticut School of Pharmacy o re: "Ho sebelisa overdose ea Acetaminophen ke sesosa se atileng haholo sa ho hloleha ha sebete United States."
Batho ba lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore ba ikarabella bakeng sa meriana eohle eo ba e sebelisang, hobane meriana e rekisoang khafetsa e shebileng matšoao a ntaramane le lithuso tse ling tsa boroko hangata li na le acetaminophen. Batho ba boetse ba lokela ho qoba ho noa joala ha ba nka acetaminophen. Sebete se itšetleha ka ntho e le 'ngoe — glutathione — ho kokobetsa matla a chefo a joala le acetaminophen. Haeba u li sebelisa haholo, li ka baka chefo hore e bokellane 'meleng. (Hang ha 'mele oa hau o tšoaelitsoe, sena ke seo coronavirus e se etsang.)
HO thoe'ng ka CHLOROQUINE LE AZITHROMYCIN?
Lihlopha tsa bongaka li sebetsa li sa khaotse ho ithuta ho phekola COVID-19 hantle, 'me bekeng e fetileng, Mopresidente oa United States, Donald Trump, o ile a kenella ntoeng ka ho hlahisa tšehetso ea hae bakeng sa litlhare tse peli tse bileng teng ka mashome a lilemo - azithromycin ea lithibela-mafu, le mofuta oa lithethefatsi tse loantšang malaria chloroquine.
Ha e le hantle, Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi ea Amerika ha e e-so amohele tumello ea hydroxychloroquine — eo hangata e sebelisetsoang ho phekola ramatiki le lupus — hore e sebelisoe le COVID-19, leha e amohetse tlhahlobo hammoho le azithromycin eo hona joale e reretsoeng New York. Ho sa le joalo, liofisiri tsa bophelo bo botle lefats'eng ka bophara, ho kenyeletsoa Anthony Fauci, hlooho ea Setsi sa Naha sa Ts'oaetso ea Maloetse le Mafu a tšoaetsanoang, ba khothaletsa tlhokomeliso mabapi le lithethefatsi.
"Lintho tse ngata tseo u li utloang kantle ho moo ke seo ke neng ke se bitsitse litlaleho tsa nalane," Fauci o boletse puisanong le boralitaba ka Moqebelo bakeng sa sehlopha se sebetsang sa White House coronavirus. "Mosebetsi oa ka ke ho paka ntle le qeaqeo hore sethethefatsi ha se bolokehe feela, empa se hlile sea sebetsa."
Tlaleho ea chloroquine e qalile ka lithuto tse nyane tse tsoang Chaena le Fora-tseo ka bobeli li nang le mefokolo ebile li fana ka lithuto tse fokolang ho bakuli ka kakaretso. Liphetho tsa Fora li ipapisitse le batho ba 36 feela mme li shebile boholo ba vaerase ea bakuli, kapa bongata ba vaerase 'meleng. Ka sebele, bakuli feela ba neng ba lokela ho shoa kapa ho romeloa tlhokomelong e matla thutong ea Fora ba ne ba nkile hydroxychloroquine.
Annie Luetkemeyer, setsebi sa HIV le mafu a tšoaetsanoang Univesithing ea California, San Francisco, Lefapheng la Bongaka o re: "Ha re na lintlha tse tsoang litekong tse laoloang, tse laoloang, tse re laolang hore na chloroquine e sebetsa joang bathong ba 'nete."
Ho iphekola ka hydroxychloroquine le azithromycin bakeng sa ba kulang ka COVID-19 coronavirus le eona e ka tla le likotsi, kaha lithethefatsi tse peli li ka hatisa pelo mme tsa eketsa kotsi ea arrhythmia. Ka Mantaha, mopresidente o ile a ikana hore o tla romella New York litekanyo tse likete bakeng sa teko ea FDA, nakoana kamora hore sepetlele sa Arizona se tlalehe hore e mong oa bakuli ba sona o hlokahetse kamora ho iphekola ka chloroquine phosphate, mofuta oa komporo e sebelisetsoang ho hloekisa aquarium litanka. Basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba Nigeria ba tlalehile linyeoe tse peli tsa chloroquine overdoses mafelong a beke.
"Ntho ea ho qetela eo re e batlang hajoale ke ho tlatsa mafapha a rona a tšohanyetso ka bakuli ba lumelang hore ba fumane tharollo e sa hlakang le e kotsi e ka bang kotsing bophelo ba bona," Daniel Brooks, motsamaisi oa bongaka oa Banner Poison le Setsi sa Tlhahisoleseling ea Lithethefatsi se Phoenix , e re ka polelo.
NA LITLHAKU TSA Khatello ea Mali li Sireletsehile?
ACE inhibitors, lithethefatsi tse sebelisoang haholo ho phekola khatello e phahameng ea mali, le tsona li se li chesoa nakong ea koluoa ea COVID-19, ka litlaleho tse ling tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore bakuli ba lokela ho emisa ho noa meriana ena haeba ba ka ba le matšoao.
Letotong la mangolo ho British Medical Journal, Nature Reviews Cardiology, le The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahisa lipotso mabapi le hore na ACE inhibitors e ka thusa ho theha tšoaetso ea coronavirus matšoafong a batho. Matšoenyeho a bakoa ke taba ea hore SARS le coronavirus e ncha li kenya lisele ka ho ikopanya le protheine e bitsoang enzyme e fetolang angiotensin 2, kapa ACE2 ka bokhutšoanyane. Protheine e atile bokaholimo ba lisele tse ka pelong le matšoafong, moo e thusang ho laola hormone e amang khatello ea mali.
Sephetho se seng sa li-inhibitors tsa ACE ke hore li ka susumetsa lisele ho etsa ACE2 e eketsehileng. Phuputso ea 2005 e fumane bopaki ba keketseho e joalo ea litoeba, mme phuputso ea 2015 bathong e fumane maemo a eketsehileng a ACE2 morotong oa bakuli ba noang meriana e amanang le li-inhibitors tsa ACE.
Empa ha ho na bopaki ba hajoale ba hore li-inhibitor tsa ACE li mpefatsa sephetho sa COVID-19 bathong, ho latela American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology's Council on Hypertension, le tlhahlobo ea la 20 Hlakubele e phatlalalitsoeng ho European Heart Journal. Keletso e fetelletseng ea lingaka ke hore haeba u laetsoe meriana, tsoela pele ho e noa ho fihlela u bolelloa ka tsela e ngoe ke mofani oa hau oa bongaka.
"Ha rea lokela ho qala kapa ho emisa meriana ena ho fihlela re na le tlhaiso-leseling e ngata," Luetkemeyer o re.
Batho ba nang le khatello e phahameng ea mali le lefu la pelo ba bonahala ba le kotsing e kholo ea COVID-19, empa seo mohlomong se amana haholo le mafu a ba bakang. Ho feta moo, ACE inhibitors e kanna ea ba le thepa e khahlanong le ho ruruha, e ka thusang matšoafo a bakuli ba COVID-19 ho sebetsana ka katleho le tšoaetso. (Ithute hore na maemo ana a etsang hore coronavirus e be matla le ho feta.)
"Seo e ka ba thuto ea mantlha, ho bapisa batho ba nang le khatello e phahameng ea mali le ho fokotsa lithethefatsi tsena, ho bona hore na ho na le phapang," ho rialo Perlman. "Empa ho ka ba thata haholo ho e etsa, mme mohlomong ho thata haholo ho e buella."
NAKO HO BATLANG TLHOKOMELO
"Ka mekhoa eohle, haeba u na le matšoao a tšohanyetso a ho hema kapa ho na le ho hong ho bakang khathatso, re batla hore u batloe tlhokomelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso," ho bolela Purvi Parikh, setsebi sa mafu a ho kula le a tšoaetsanoang NYU Langone, New York City. Haeba u khetha ho batla thuso sepetleleng sa heno, ona ke mohlala o le mong oa seo u ka se lebellang.
Sepetleleng se tummeng sa Inova Health System se Fairfax, Virginia, basebetsi ba thehile tente ea kantle ho arola batho ba tlalehang mafu a phefumolohang ho ba nang le mafu a mang. Lihlopha tsena tse peli li sebetsoa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa kamore ea ho leta, li arotsoe ke bonyane sebaka sa limithara tse tšeletseng.
Ka lebaka la khaello ea liteko ho pholletsa le US, lingaka tsa Inova le lipetlele tse ling li re haeba batho ba fihla ba e-na le matšoao a bobebe, bakuli bana ba bolelloa hore ba nahane hore ba na le COVID-19 mme ba khothaletsoa ho ikarola ho itšireletsa ho thibela ho imetsa sechaba ho feta 920,000. libethe tsa basebetsi.
Bakeng sa ba kulang ka COVID-19 coronavirus mme ba fihla ka matšoao a tebileng joalo ka ho hema ka thata, basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba qala ka ho shebana le maemo a oksijene a mokuli, khatello ea mali, le bongata ba mokelikeli matšoafong a bona — kaofela e le boiteko ba ho boloka boemo ba bona bo tsitsitse. Ba boetse ba leka ho sebetsana le feberu, e ka bakang pherekano mme ea baka tšenyo ea sele.
Maemo a matla ka ho fetisisa a COVID-19 a hloka ho beha mokuli mochining o kenang moeeng — e leng sesebelisoa se potolohang moea le ho tsoa matšoafong a motho — nako e fetang beke ka nako. Ke ka hona basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo ba amehileng haholo ka khaello ea moea e tlang. Mokhatlo oa Critical Care Medicine o re ho na le li-ventilator tse ka bang 200,000 lipetleleng tsa Amerika, empa tse ling li tsofetse ebile li kanna tsa se ke tsa phekola COVID-19 hantle. Ho sa le joalo, khakanyo e 'ngoe e boima e fana ka maikutlo a hore Maamerika a fetang 900,000 a ka fumana COVID-19 mme a hloka moea o fehlang moea.
Maemo a mabe ka ho fetesisa a COVID-19 a ka baka seo ho thoeng ke lefu le bohloko la ho hema (ARDS), kotsi e mpe ea matšoafo e ka bakoang ke mefuta e mengata ea tšoaetso e matla. Lipetlele li na le mekhoa e hlalositsoeng hantle ea ho sebetsana le ARDS. Bakuli ba lokela ho beoa ka mpeng ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba matšoafo ba ho hema, mme ba se fuoe maro a mangata haholo. Ntle le moo, li-ventilator tsa bakuli ba ARDS li lokela ho beoa ho potoloha moea o tlase, ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ho li-alveoli, likamore tse nyane tsa matšoafo.
Ka hare ho likamore tsa sepetlele, basebetsi ba hlokometse ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse ka ntšang marotholi a phefumoloho, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa tšehetso ea oksijene tse sutumetsang moea matšoafong. Lipetlele tse ling li sebelisa tlhokomeliso e eketsehileng ka lisebelisoa tse bitsoang li-nebulizers, tse fetolang meriana ea mokelikeli moholi o phefumolohang, kaha mists e ka phahamisetsa SARS-CoV-2 holimo. (Ke ka hona sesepa e leng khetho ea ho soeufatsa ntoeng khahlanong le coronavirus.)
LITHETHEFATSI TSE TŠEPISANG Haholo?
Bafuputsi le lingaka lefats'eng ka bophara joale ba matha ho leka hantle hore na litlhare tse fapaneng tse neng li le teng li ka ts'oaroa ntoeng khahlanong le COVID-19. Lingaka tse botsitsoeng ke National Geographic li hlahisitse tšepo e kholo ho feta remdesivir, moriana o thibelang likokoana-hloko o hlahisoang ke Saense ea Gileade.
Perlman o re: "Motho feela eo nka fanyehang katiba ea ka ho eona ke khopolo e ncha."
Remdesivir e sebetsa ka ho etsisa karolo ea moaho ea RNA ea vaerase, e sitisang bokhoni ba vaerase ho ikatisa. Phuputso e 'ngoe e phatlalalitsoeng ka bophara ea China, e phatlalalitsoeng ka la 4 Hlakola ho Patlisiso ea Lisele, e tlalehile hore tokiso e sentse phetiso ea SARS-CoV-2 lab. Empa setlhare se ntse se le liteko ebile se bile le litšitiso nakong e fetileng. Remdesivir qalong e ile ea ntlafatsoa ho loants'a Ebola, empa liteko tsa eona tsa bongaka bathong qetellong li ile tsa hloleha.
Ho sa tsotelehe, ho fumana kalafo e sebetsang ho hloka liteko tse matla tsa kalafo tsa batho, tse tla nka nako ho li etsa. "Ha re hetla morao, ho ka be ho bile hotle haeba re ne re ka kenya matsapa a mangata ho li-anti-coronavirus drug," Perlman oa eketsa. Ho bonolo ho re joale, empa likhoeling tse hlano tse fetileng, ha ho bonolo hakana. ”
