Batsoali ba Boholo ba Lumellana ho Khanna Tlhokomelo ea Lifofane

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Lifofane li hokahanya lefatše la rona ka batho ba tsamaeang ka nepo le ka potlako, ba bula menyetla e mecha ea moruo le ho tsamaisa lijo le thepa ho pholletsa le polanete ea rona. Lifofane li khothaletsa kutloisiso ea lefats'e, li hlahisa phapanyetsano e ngata ea setso mme ka hona li kenya letsoho ho phelisaneng ka khotso.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e fetohile ngongoreho e hlakileng bakeng sa sechaba sa rona. Kameho ea batho moeeng e hloka hore ho nkuoe mehato e mengata. Indasteri ea lifofane e se e ntse e nka bohato ba bohlokoa ho sireletsa polanete mme e tla tsoelapele ho etsa joalo.

Lifofane li kenya letsoho liphesenteng tse peli tsa khabonetaeokosaete e hlahisoang ke batho. Indasteri e iphephelitse ho fokotsa net CO2 mesi leha tlhokahalo ea maeto a sefofane le lipalangoang e ntse e hola haholo. Ka Sehlopha sa Mesebetsi ea Lipalangoang tsa Moea (ATAG), indasteri ea lifofane e ile ea fetoha lekala la pele la indasteri ho beha sepheo se seholo: ho fokotsa CO.2 likhase tse tsoang ho halofo ea selemo sa 2005 ka 2050, le ho fokotsa kholo ea CO.2 mesi e tsoang ka 2020. Re mocheng oa ho fihlela boitlamo boo ba nako e haufi, ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebetsong ea 2019 ea Lenaneo la Khabone le Phokotso ea Lenaneo la Lifofane tsa Machaba (CORSIA) joalo ka ha ho lumellanoe ke lichaba tsa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lifofane tsa Sechaba (ICAO).

Baofisiri ba ka Sehloohong ba Theknoloji ea baetsi ba lifofane ba supileng ba etellang pele lefatšeng ba se ba sebetsa ka mokhoa o seng o kile oa bonoa ho netefatsa hore indasteri e fihlela boitlamo bona bo mabifi le bo hlokahalang.

Leano

Ho na le likarolo tse tharo tse kholo tsa mahlale ho lifofane tse tšoarellang:

  1. Ho tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele moralo oa lifofane le enjine le theknoloji molemong oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mafura le ho fokotsa CO.2 mesi e kotsi.
  2. Ho tšehetsa khoebo ea libeso tse tšoarellang, tse ling tsa lifofane. Lifofane tse ka bang 185,000 tsa khoebo li se li pakile hore lifofane tsa kajeno li se li loketse ho li sebelisa.
  3. Ho nts'etsapele lifofane tse ncha haholo le theknoloji ea ho potlakisa le ho potlakisa theknoloji e tla nolofalletsa 'moloko oa boraro' oa lifofane.

Lintho tse ling, joalo ka taolo e sebetsang ea sephethephethe sa moea le ho tsamaisa lifofane tse fokotsang tšebeliso ea mafura le tsona li na le karolo ea bohlokoa eo li ka e phethang. Indasteri ea rona e bonts'itse khatelo-pele e kholo ea ho fokotsa lerata le litlamorao tse ling tsa tikoloho mme e tla tsoelapele ho etsa joalo.

Lifofane le Moralo oa Enjine le Theknoloji

Lilemong tse 40 tse fetileng, theknoloji ea lifofane le enjene e fokolitse CO2 mesi e tsoang ka karolelano ea selemo e fetang peresente e le 'ngoe ho maele. Sena e bile litholoana tsa matsete a bohlokoa a R&D ho thepa, katleho ea aerodynamic, moralo oa dijithale le mekhoa ea tlhahiso, nts'etsopele ea mochini oa turbomachine le ntlafatso ea litsamaiso tsa lifofane.

Ka lilemo tse ngata, ka mekhatlo e fapaneng ea indasteri le mekhatlo ea machaba, mokhatlo oa lifofane o itlamme ka boithaopo ho finyella lipakane tse mabifi bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng ea tikoloho ea lifofane. Lipheo tse behiloeng ke Lekhotla la Boeletsi bakeng sa Lipatlisiso tsa Aeronautics Europe li batla phokotso ea liperesente tse 75 ho CO.2, phokotseho ea 90 lekholong ea NOX le ho fokotseha ha lerata ka karolo ea 65 lekholong ka 2050, ha ho bapisoa le maemo a selemo sa 2000.

Ho thusa ho fihlela lipheo tsena tse mabifi, litumellano tsa lefats'e tse fihletsoeng ka ICAO li kopa hore maemo a ts'ebetso ea peterole e be karolo ea ts'ebetso ea setifikeiti e sebelisoang sefofaneng se seng le se seng.

Re ntse re ikemiseditse ho ntlafatsa meralo ya difofane le dienjene tse seng di ntse di le teng ho ntshetsapele mothapo wa ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ka hohle kamoo ho ka kgonehang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, re ela hloko mathata a maholo a theknoloji a ka pele ho rona le tlhoko e ka bang teng ea ho kenyelletsa mekhoa e matla ea "moloko oa boraro".

Ho matlafatsa Phetoho ea Matla: Mafura a Tsitsitseng a Lifofane

Lifofane li tla tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libeso tse metsi e le mohloli oa mantlha oa matla bakeng sa lifofane tse kholoanyane le tse nkang sebaka se selelele bakeng sa bokamoso bo bonoang. Esita le tlas'a ponelo-pele e nang le tšepo ea ho fofa ka matla a motlakase, lifofane tsa libaka le tse tsamaeang ka tsela e le 'ngoe li tla lula li sebetsa ka har'a likepe tsa lefats'e ka mafura a jet ka lilemo tse mashome tse tlang. Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) e sebelisang recycled ho e-na le mesaletsa ea khale ea carbon le ho finyella litekanyetso tse matla, tse tšepahalang tsa ts'ebetso ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea bokamoso bo tsitsitseng. Litsela tse hlano tsa tlhahiso ea li-SAF li se li amohetsoe hore li sebelisoe, ka tlhahiso ea khoebo ea e 'ngoe ea litsela tsena e se e ntse e le teng. Re lumela hore ho potlakisa keketseho ea tlhahiso ea litsela tsohle tse ka sebelisoang khoebong, ha ka nako e le 'ngoe ho ntse ho etsoa litsela tse ling tse tlase, ke senotlolo sa katleho. Mosebetsi ona o se o ntse o tsoela pele litsing tsa lipatlisiso le ka har'a lik'hamphani tse mafapheng a fapaneng a indasteri. Se hlokahalang ke katoloso ea tšehetso ea mmuso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji, matsete a setsi sa tlhahiso, le likhothaletso tsa tlhahiso ea mafura lefatšeng ka bophara.

Re ts'ehetsa mafura ka botlalo, a ts'oarellang, a sa sisinyeheng habonolo hape a tsamaellanang le mafura a seng a ntse a le teng. Re tla sebetsa haufi-ufi le bahlahisi ba mafura, basebetsi, boema-fofane, mekhatlo ea tikoloho le mekhatlo ea mmuso ho tlisa mafura ana ts'ebelisong e pharalletseng ea lifofane pele ho 2050.

Nako ea Boraro ea Lifofane

Lifofane li qalong ea nako ea eona ea boraro e kholo, ho aha motheong o behiloeng ke bara ba Wright le baqapi ba Jet Age lilemong tsa bo-1950. Nako ea boraro ea lifofane e lumelloa ke tsoelo-pele ea meralo e mecha, ts'ebetso e tsoetseng pele ea enjine ea thermodynamic, motlakase le motlakase oa lebasetere, digitization, bohlale ba maiketsetso, thepa le tlhahiso. Lifofane tse kholo li tla qala ho una molemo ho meralo ea lipale tse tla ntlafatsa ntlafatso ka ho tsamaisa ho hula le ho aba motlakase ka litsela tse ncha. Lisebelisoa tse ncha li tla thusa lifofane tse bobebe ho ntlafatsa ntlafatso.

Re thabile ke moloko ona oa boraro oa lifofane mme, leha lik'hamphani tsohle tse emetsoeng li na le mekhoa e fapaneng, kaofela re susumetsoa ke bonnete ba tlatsetso ea eona ho karolo ea boema-fofane bokamosong bo tsitsitseng. Re lumela hore ho fofa ho kena nakong ea eona e khahlisang ho tloha ha Jet Age e qala. Nako ena ea boraro e ts'episa phello e ntle ea phetoho maphelong a lefats'e ka bophara - 'me re ikemiselitse ho e etsa.

Pitso ea ho Nka Khato: Ha re Etseng Bokamoso Bona Hammoho

Bokamoso ba lifofane bo khanyang. Empa, ntle le boiteko bo matla bo etsoang ke lekala la rona, re boetse re ipapisitse le ts'ehetso e hokahaneng e tsoang ho baetsi ba melao, balaoli le mebuso e sebetsang 'moho ho fihlela sepheo sena.

Ho tlameha hore ho be le boitlamo bo eketsehileng ba sechaba le ba poraefete ba ho theha motheo o utloahalang oa taolo ho sebetsana le litaba tse ncha tse amanang le mahlale a morao-rao a lifofane le ho fana ka tšehetso e hlokahalang ea moruo bakeng sa khoebo e pharalletseng ea SAF. Re nahana ka khokahano e pharalletseng, e tebileng le e tsoelang pele ka ICAO ho tsamaisa mekhoa e momahaneng ea taolo le mekhatlo e hlophisitsoeng ea naha le ea lefats'e ea ho beha maemo. Tsena li kenyelletsa US Federal Aviation Administration, European Aviation Safety Agency, le Civil Aviation Administration ea China, Transport Canada, ANAC ea Brazil le tse ling.

Joaloka liindasteri li-CTO re ikemiselitse ho khanna botsitso ba lifofane. Re lumela ho indasteri ena le karolo ea eona ea ho etsa lefatše la rona sebaka se khanyang le se sireletsehileng. Re lumela hape ka matla hore re na le mokhoa oa ho etsa hore lifofane li tšoarelle le ho bapala karolo e kholo le ho feta sechabeng sa rona sa lefatše.

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