ke Robert MacLellan, Motsamaisi-hlooho, MacLellan & Associates
Na bohahlauli bo ka itšetleha Caribbean mebuso e ithuta ho hong linaheng tse hlahisang oli? Ha mebuso e hlahisang oli e nyane ebile e futsanehile e batla theko e lekanang bakeng sa oli - mohloli oa eona oa mantlha oa lekeno la naha - ba ile ba kopana hore ba buisane ka nepo le lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa naha ea oli le linaha tse kholo tse tsoetseng pele, e neng e le bareki ba oli ea bona. Ka 1960 linaha tse hlano ho tsena li ile tsa kopana ho fumana OPEC - Mokhatlo oa Linaha Tse Romelang kantle ho Petroliamo - mme hamorao tsa kopanngoa le linaha tse ling tse robong tse leng litho. Ka lebaka la matla a bona a kopaneng a kopaneng, litheko tsa oli li nyolohile butle ho tloha ho US $ 1.63 ka moqomo ka 1960 ho ea ho karolelano ea li-US $ 77 lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng.
Boemo bo fokolang ba lipuisano ba mebuso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea Caribbean ha e bapisoa le likhoebo tse kholo tsa likepe, tse amanang le lekhetho la boema-kepe, bo tšoana le boemo ba OPEC lilemong tse mashome a tšeletseng tse fetileng mme leano le ts'oanang la "ho leka-lekanya" le se le lokela ho sebetsoa kahar'a Caribbean. Haeba mebuso ho pholletsa le sebaka sohle, ho kenyeletsoa le Amerika Bohareng, e ka kopana 'me ea theha OTEC - Mokhatlo oa Linaha tsa Moruo oa Bohahlauli - e ka buisana e le mokoloko ho tloha boemong bo matla ho feta le likepe tsa likepe. Hajoale, ha linaha ka bonngoe li leka ho eketsa lekhetho la boema-kepe, li tšosoa ka hore li tla tlosoa maetong a likepe 'me li ka khethoa ka bonngoe ke mela e matla ea likepe.
Ho tloha maemong a betere a ho buisana, mebuso ea naha kapa ea naha e nang le maeto a le mong a ho eta - Alaska, Bermuda le Hawaii - ba se ba ntse ba buisane ka holimo. Bay Chelete ea lekhetho ho feta e fumanehang naheng e tloaelehileng ea Caribbean. Likepe tsa likepe li lula masiu a mabeli Bermuda 'me li lefa bonyane US $ 50 ka mopalami. Bakeng sa maeto a likepe tsa Amerika le Canada, karolelano ea 33% ea theko ea litekete tsa sekepe e ea lekhethong la koung, ha e bapisoa le karolelano ea 14% bakeng sa leeto la Caribbean. Ka ho buisana 'moho, mebuso tikolohong ea Greater Caribbean e ka fihlela litholoana tse tšoanang le libaka tsena ka lekhetho le phahameng la koung.
Polelo ea haufinyane e tsoang ho Mmuso oa Antigua & Barbuda e akaretsa nalane le boemo ba hajoale ba lekhetho la likepe tsa likepe ka tsela e latelang. Ka 1993 linaha tsa Caricom li ile tsa qala ho lumela ho lefisa lekhetho le tlase la US $ 10 bakeng sa bapalami ba likepe empa sena ha se so ka se kengoa ts'ebetsong ka lebaka la ho se lumellane ka hare. Mefuta e mengata ea lekhetho la hlooho kajeno ho Caribbean e ka tsela e latelang: US $ 18 - The Bahamas and The British Virgin Islands, US $ 15 - Jamaica, US $ 13.25 - Puerto Rico, US $ 7 - Belize, US $ 6 - St Kitts & Nevis, US $ 5 - St Lucia, US $ 4.50 - Grenada, US $ 1.50 - Rephabliki ea Dominican.
Nahana ka melemo ea moruo, haeba litefiso tsena tsa lekhetho li ka eketsoa le ho emisoa ho pholletsa le sebaka maemong a holimo a thathamisitsoeng. Phephetso e le 'ngoe e amanang ka kotloloho le ea hajoale e ka rarolloa - boema-fofane ba hajoale bo phahameng le litefiso tsa litekete tsa moea tikolohong eo li ka fokotsoa ho thusa ho eketsa palo ea baeti ba lulang libakeng tsa Caribbean.
Baeti ba lulang, ho sa natsoe libaka tsa tikoloho kapa ba tsoang kantle ho Caribbean, ba sebelisa chelete e ngata haholo ho feta bapalami ba likepe mme ba etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea lehae ho feta ea kajeno ea khoebo ea likepe, e seng e sebelisoa hampe linaheng tsa Caribbean. Keketseho ea baeti ba tsamaeang ka nako e telele e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea lihotele le marinas tse ngata, hammoho le mefuta e meng e mengata ea matsete a matlo le meaho ea bohahlauli. Litheko tse fokolitsoeng tsa litekete tsa moea li boloka lifofane tse kenang kahare ho mabatooa, joalo ka LIAT, li fofa le ho eketsa palo ea litulo tsa lifofane ho ea libakeng tsa Caribbean ho tsoa lefats'eng lohle.
Mohlala oa khoebo ea indasteri ea sekepe o fetohile haholo le ka mokhoa o mabifi lilemong tse leshome le metso e mehlano tse fetileng mme ha o sa lokela ho nkuoa e le "molekane" ea loketseng bakeng sa linaha tsa Caribbean. Ho na le kutloisiso e ntseng e hola lihlekehlekeng tse nang le likepe tse ngata ka ho fetesisa tsa likepe, joalo ka St Thomas le Sint Maarten, hore lekhetho la boema-kepe la kajeno ha se tefo e lekaneng bakeng sa ts'ubuhlellano ea libaka tsa litoropo, ts'ilafalo ea ho chesoa ha oli e mafura le boima qeta lebopong la bapalami ba likepe tsa kajeno. Likepe tsa mega joale li na le mabenkele a mangata, li-kasino, lireschorente le mekoallo e fanang ka liphutheloana tsohle tse kenyelletsang bapalami ka botlalo ho sebelisa chelete lebopong. Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng likomishene tsa likepe tse etsoang lebopong li nyolohile ho tloha ho 10% ho ea ho 50%, ho nyahamisa bapalami ho tloha lebopong ho hang le ho pepeta moeli ofe kapa ofe o ka bang teng bakeng sa bahahlauli ba lehae. Kajeno, chelete e fetang ea 80% ea baeti ba tsamaisang sekepe e se e le ka sekepeng.
Likepe tse ngata tse tsamaeang ka sekepe li natefeloa ke nako e phahameng ea makhetlo a mabeli - Caribbean nako e ka tlase ho likhoeli tse tšeletseng le selemo sa Alaska kapa Mediterranean - li sebetsa ntle le lekhetho la koporasi ebile li na le likoloto tse tlase haholo. Likepe tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li bitsa chelete e ka tlase ho US $ 300,000 ka khabineng ho aha, ha likamore tse ncha tsa lihotele tsa Caribbean li bitsa palo eo habeli ka kamoreng ho ba le nako e le 'ngoe e phahameng. Mohlala oa khoebo oa tlholisano ea sekepe se nang le tlholisano le kholo le kholo ea morao-rao ea bohahlauli ba sekepe sebakeng sena e kanna ea nkuoa e le tšitiso e tobileng bakeng sa matsete a phomolo le ho tsetela hape ho Caribbean.
Palo eohle ea bapalami ba likepe tse tsamaeang ka sekepe e ne e le kaholimo ho limilione tse 27 lefats'e ka bophara ho 2018, e nyolohile hoo e ka bang 10% ho tloha lilemong tse peli pejana. Lilemong tse leshome tse tlang, ho lebelletsoe hore likepe tse ncha tse 106 li kene ts'ebetsong mme hajoale, likepe tse fetang 50% tsa likepe tsa lefats'e li thehiloe Caribbean bakeng sa Mariha. Indasteri ea likepe e nang le chelete e ngata e ka khona ho amohela lekhetho le phahameng la koung ea Caribbean mme e tla etsa joalo, hang ha e tobane le mokhatlo o matla oa lipuisano.
U se ke ua kholoa ts'oso ea hore ba ka tsoa sebakeng seo kaofela. Caribbean ke sona feela sehlekehleke se nang le botle ba tlhaho le lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa bohahlauli, tse fumanehang ka kotloloho lipakeng tsa limmaraka tse tsebahalang tsa Amerika Leboea le Europe le mmaraka oa phepelo ea kholo Amerika Boroa.
Ha joale ha ho hlake hantle hore, bonyane, ho na le mohopolo o felletseng oa ho lekanyetsa moroalo oa lekhetho lipakeng tsa moeti ea lulang Caribbean le moeti oa sekepe?
SEO U LOKELANG HO SE NKA HO SEHLOOHO ENA:
- There is a growing sense in the islands with the highest cruise ship volumes, like St Thomas and Sint Maarten, that today's port taxes are not adequate compensation for the overcrowding of down town areas, the pollution from the burning of heavy fuel oil and the minimal spend ashore of today's cruise ship passengers.
- One directly relevant and current challenge could be addressed – the current sky-high airport and air ticket taxes in the region could be reduced to help increase the volume of stay-over visitors in the Caribbean.
- If governments across the whole region, including Central America, come together and form OTEC – the Organization of Tourism Economy Countries – they can negotiate as a cartel from a position of greater strength with the cruise lines.
