Ho romelloa ha liphiri tsa sekhukhu US ho lihlopha tsa bokhukhuni? Silk Way Airlines ea Azerbaijan ea hana

Silk Way Airlines ke sefofane se ikemetseng sa thepa ea Azerbaijan se nang le ofisi ea sona e kholo le ts'ebetso ea sefofane boema-fofane ba machaba ba Heydar Aliyev ho Baku, Azerbaijan. E sebetsana le lits'ebeletso tsa thepa e hokahanyang Europe 'me Asia, United States 'me Africa, hammoho le lits'ebeletso tsa mmuso le mekhatlo e ikemetseng.

Selemong se fetileng, Harut Sassounian o ngotse sengoloa bakeng sa Litaba tsa Asbarez e tlaleha hore Silk Way Airlines ea Azerbaijan e entse lifofane tse sephiring tse 350 ho tsamaisa makholo a lithane tsa libetsa ho tloha Bulgaria ho ea ho likhukhuni tsa ISIS tsa Syria le linaha tse ling tsa Middle East lipakeng tsa 2014 le 2017.

Tshenolo e entsoe ke moqolotsi oa litaba oa Morero oa Tlaleho ea Bokebekoa bo Hlophisitsoeng le Bonyofonyofo (OCCRP) ka ho kenya kopo ea Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) le mmuso oa Amerika ka 2016. Hoa hlokomeleha hore Silk Way, "e ne e le ea k'hamphani e fetileng. Maqhama le lelapa la Azerbaijan Aliyev, a fumana likonteraka tse ruisang chelete ho tsoa sesoleng sa US, ”ho latela litokomane tsa FOIA.

Ha joale re na le tšenolo e ncha e makatsang ea hore Silk Way e amohetse lidolara tse limilione tse $ 419.5 ho tsoa ho US Export-Import Bank (EXIM) ho reka lifofane tse tharo tsa 747-8 ho Boeing ho ntšetsa pele ts'ebetso ea eona e mpe.

Silk Way Airlines ("Silk Way") e hana ka matla liqoso tsa bohata tse sa tsoa hlahisoa lingoliloeng tse ngata tsa inthanete tse lekang ho senya botumo bo tšepahalang ba Silk Way. Ha li se na thuso, lingoliloeng tsena ke litholoana tsa lets'olo le hlophisitsoeng la tlhaiso-leseling e ngotsoeng ke bangoli ba nang le tšusumetso ea tikoloho ba entseng ts'ebelisano e tobileng le likhokahano tsa Armenia.

Ho fapana le lipolelo tsa bohata tse boletsoeng lingoliloeng, Silk Way o ile a latela melaoana eohle e sebetsang tlasa melaoana ea naha le ea machabeng ea lifofane le melao ea molao mabapi le ho tsamaisoa ha thepa ka sefofane, ho kenyeletsoa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Tsamaiso ea Lifofane (IATA) le Mokhatlo oa Machabeng oa Lifofane ( Litekanyetso tsa ICAO). Joalo ka ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso, pele a tsamaisa lifofane tseo ho buuoang ka tsona, Silk Way o ne a lula a fumana, ntle le boits'ireletso bofe kapa bofe ba boemeli, mangolo ohle a hlokahalang le tokollo e hlokahalang ho tsamaisa thepa e kotsi.

Ntle le moo, seo ho thoeng ke 'lifofane tsa lekunutu', tse phatlalalitsoeng lingoliloeng tse boletsoeng, ntle le bongata ba tsona ba bohata, li sebelisitsoe ka ho phethahala ho latela lits'ebetso tsohle tse behiloeng mme li laetsoe ke Lefapha la Ts'ireletso la United States (DoD), ha barekisi bohle le bajaki ba khethiloe ke bolaoli bo boletsoeng. Ka hona, lipolelo tse botsang mofuta oa lifofane tsena le baemeli ba tsona le baemeli ba tsona ha li na lintlha tsohle tsa molao kapa tsa bohlokoa.

Ho fapana le moo, tsela e nepahetseng eo Silk Way a tsamaisang thepa ena ka eona e netefalitsoe ke ba boholong ba bangata, bao esale ba hana lipolelo tsa bohata tsa boits'oaro bo bobe lipolelong tsa semmuso, e 'ngoe ea tsona e hlahisitsoe mona.

Bangoli ba tšoanang ba lekang ho hlalosa Silk Way e le k'hamphani e kenang mesebetsing e seng molaong, ba lumela litlalehong tsa bona hore litsi tse maemong a phahameng joalo ka sesole sa US ho kenyeletsoa US Transport Command, Boeing le Boeing Global Services, Lefapha la Ts'ireletso la Naha la Canada, Mabotho a hlometseng a Jeremane, Sesole sa Fora le Machaba a Kopaneng, a na le kamano e telele ea konteraka le Silk Way. Ts'ebelisano 'moho e tiisa botumo bo ikhethang ba boema-fofane ba rona mme ke bopaki ba boitlamo ba Silk Way ho lits'ebeletso tsa boleng bo phahameng, polokeho, ts'epahalo le ts'ebelisano ea likhoebo.

Kaha e hlotsoe ho tiisa lipolelo tsa eona tsa lifofane tse seng molaong, lets'olo la leshano le ile la hlasela mopresidente oa Silk Way Group, Monghali Zaur Akhundov mme a belaella lichelete tsa katoloso ea likepe tsa Silk Way. Lingoloa li ne li hlahisa leseli ka boits'oaro le boiphihlelo ba Monghali Akhundov, li leka ho mo hlahisa e le motho ea sa tsejoeng ea 'sephiri' ea ileng a laola lebitso la Silk Way. Ka 'nete, leha ho le joalo, Mong Akhundov o ne a le bohlokoa ho thehoeng ha Silk Way, esale e le moetapele oa sehlopha sa Silk Way ho tloha qalong, mme o tlisa boiphihlelo ba bohlokoa ba mashome a lilemo ho nts'etsapele indasteri ea lifofane ho la Azerbaijan. Mong Akhundov ha a na maqhama le mmuso kapa mokha oa lipolotiki.

Mabapi le liqoso tse amanang le lichelete tsa katoloso ea likepe tsa Silk Way, boema-fofane ba rona bo sebelisane pepeneneng mme ka lebaka leo bo thehile ts'ebelisano e ts'epahalitsoeng le litsi tse ngata tse tsebahalang tsa lichelete tsa machabeng, ho kenyeletsoa haholo-holo, Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank ea United States. Ex-Im Bank ke lefapha la koporasi le nang le leano la mantlha la ho ts'ehetsa ho fumanoa ha lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ke US joalo ka lifofane tsa Boeing. Pele Silk Way e fumana kalimo ka molao ka sekhahla se teng sa mmaraka se neng se tšehelitsoe ke Ex-Im Bank, sefofane se atlehile ho fetisa methati eohle ea ts'ebetso ea ho latela, ho kenyeletsoa le litlhahlobo tse hlokoang ke mmuso oa Amerika.

Ntle le moo, netefatso ea hore Silk Way e fumanoeng ho Banka ea Machaba ea Azerbaijan (IBAR), e ne e hlokoa ke Ex-Im Bank joalo ka ts'ireletso e eketsehileng mme e fuoe boema-fofane ba rona ho ipapisitse le lipehelo le maemo a 'marakeng, boemo ba sefofane, ntle le litokelo life kapa life ho Silk Way. Ntle le ts'ebetso e matla ea boitseki ba boema-fofane, Silk Way e ts'ehetsa melaoana ea 'Tseba Moreki oa Hau' e falimehileng mme e latela ka tieo mekhoa e metle ea khoebo ea machabeng, ho netefatsa moeletsi e mong le e mong eo e ka bang moreki bakeng sa likotsi tse ka bang teng kapa mesebetsi e seng molaong. Nalane ea Silk Way ea ts'ebelisano 'moho ha ea fokotsa kotsi feela, empa hape e thehile le ho matlafatsa likamano tsa khoebo lefats'eng ka bophara. Tlhahisoleseling efe kapa efe e fapaneng le ena, ho kenyeletsoa le sekoloto se phahameng sa mokoloto oa Silk Way, ke leshano ka ho felletseng.

Sehlopha se tšeptjoang sa Silk Way, tšebelisano 'moho e matla ea lefats'e ka bophara le boits'oaro bo botle, bo sireletsehileng bo tla tsoelapele ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse ntle tseo indasteri ea thepa ea moea e fanang ka tsona libakeng tse fetang 50 lefatšeng ka bophara tseo re sebetsang ho tsona.

Lesolo la smear e bile eng le Silk Way Airlines ke eng lebisa ho?

Sengoloa sena se phatlalalitsoe ka Loetse 4 mme sea hlalosa:

"Silk Way o ile a fuoa likonteraka tse jang chelete e fetang $ 400 milione le Lefapha la Ts'ireletso la Lefapha la Ts'ireletso la US nako e fetang lilemo tse leshome," ho latela Devansh Mehta oa OCCRP. Silk Way e ile ea isa "likulo le lisebelisoa tse ling tse sa bolaeeng" ho ea Afghanistan ho tloha ka 2005. "Ntle le kamano ea eona le mmuso oa Amerika, Silk Way Airlines e boetse e sebelitse joalo ka konteraka e nyane bakeng sa Lefapha la Ts'ireletso la Naha la Canada, mabotho a hlometseng a Jeremane. , le lebotho la Fora, ”ho senola Mehta.

Ka Mmesa 2017, Silk Way e ekelitse theko ea eona ho Boeing, e saena konteraka ea $ 1 billion bakeng sa lifofane tse 10 tse ncha tsa bapalami ba 737 MAX, ho latela moqolotsi Mehta. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoe hore na thepa e ncha e ne e tšehelitsoe joang ka lichelete. Ka Mphalane o fetileng, Silk Way e phatlalalitse merero ea ho reka lifofane tse ling tse peli tse 747-8 tsa thepa.

Mehta o ile a senola hore "sefofane ke sa Silk Way Group, eo, bonyane, ka nako e 'ngoe, e neng e amana haufi-ufi le lelapa le busang la Azerbaijan Aliyev (le sebelisitseng lifofane tsa lona bakeng sa maeto a poraefete) mme le ruile molemo ho litšebeletso tse mosa tsa mmuso. Tlhahisoleseling e fumanoeng ka FOIA e bonts'a hore Silk Way Airlines e nkile mehato ea ho pata boits'oaro ba beng ba eona, mohlomong ho ntlafatsa menyetla ea eona ea ho hapa likonteraka tsa bohlokoa tsa kalimo ea Amerika le likonteraka tsa sesole. ”

Mehta o boetse a re "Azerbaijan e maemong a bo122 ho a 180 a linaha tsa Transparency International lenaneong la pono ea bobolu, ha lelapa la Mopresidente Ilham Aliyev le na le thepa ea mabothobotho ho pota lefatše e jang limilione tse fetang $ 140. Litokomane tsa Panama le ho lutla ho hong ho amme lelapa la pele la naha ena ho nka karolo likarolong tsohle tsa moruo oa Azerbaijan, ho tloha lihoteleng tse majabajaba ho isa merafong ho isa bankeng. ”

Ho latela lipehelo tsa kalimo ea Silk Way ea Export-Import Bank ea $ 419.5 milione, haeba e sa sebetse, tahlehelo e tla buseletsoa ke Banka ea Machabeng ea Azerbaijan (IBA). Bothata ke hore IBA e "kentsoe letsoho ho Laundromat ea Azerbaijan, leano le leholo le ileng la ntša chelete e ka bang $ 3 billion ka ntle ho naha ka likhamphani tse fapaneng tsa likhetla," ho ngotse Mehta. Ntle le moo, IBA ha e boemong ba ho netefatsa kalimo ea Silk Way, joalo ka ha IBA ka boeona e phatlalalitse ho oa ka 2015, e sa khone ho lefa mokoloto oa eona oa $ 3.3 billion!

Nate Schenkkan, motsamaisi oa projeke ea Nations in Transit ho Freedom House, e sa etseng phaello e thehiloeng US e shebileng demokrasi le litokelo tsa botho lefats'eng ka bophara, o ile a belaella bohlale ba kalimo ea banka ea EXIM ho Silk Way: "Azerbaijan, moo lelapa le leng le busang moruong lipolotiking ebe joale o sebelisa mekhatlo ea mmuso ho tšehetsa merero ea eona ea moruo, ho na le khohlano e totobetseng ea lithahasello. ”

Arzu Aliyeva, Mopresidente. Morali oa Aliyev ea lilemo li 21 ka 2010, e ne e le e mong oa beng ba bararo ba Silk Way Bank, letsoho la lichelete la Silk Way Holding. Ho tloha 2017, lebitso la hae ha le sa boleloa e le mong'a lona. "Silk Way Holding, eo hape e bitsoang Silk Way Group (SW Group) webosaeteng ea eona, ke khokahano eo hajoale e thathamisitseng lik'hamphani tse 11 mosebetsing oa eona, ho kenyeletsoa le sefofane," ho latela Mehta.

Silk Way Holding e ne e busa lefapha la lifofane la Azerbaijan kamora hore lifofane tsa sefofane tsa AZAL li ngolisoe ka lekunutu ntle le litefiso le litefiso. Mehta o ngotse hore "khoebo e ikemetseng ea lefapha la mehala ea thekiso e felletse ka hore lelapa la [Aliyev] le fumane chelete e ka bang $ 1 bilione ea tjotjo ka chelete le boleng ba karolo, ho latela pale ea pejana ea OCCRP. Patlisiso e boetse e fumane hore chelete e ne e isitsoe lelapeng la pele ka likhamphani tse fapaneng tsa lekunutu tsa mose ho maoatle. Likhamphani tsena li thusitse bo-Aliyev hore ba laole lithupa merafong ea khauta, likhokahanyo tsa mehala ea puisano le tsa kaho naheng ea Azerbaijan. ”

Ho latela ho faela ka 2006, Silk Way Airlines e ne e le ea IHC (International Handling Company), mokhatlo o lebopong la leoatle o lihlekehlekeng tsa Virgin tsa Brithani. Ketsahalong ea 2017, Silk Way Airlines e boletse hore 40% ea k'hamphani e ne e le ea IHC, ha 60% e ne e le ea SW Holding, "e laoloa ka nepo" ke Zaur Akhundov, moahi oa Azerbaijan. Mehta o boletse hore "IHC e hokahane le lelapa la Aliyev ka motsamaisi oa eona Jaouad Dbila eo ho tlalehiloeng hore o sebelitse e le moemeli oa khoebo ea lelapa la pele nakong e fetileng."

Ka 2011, manejara ea hlahetseng Russia, Grigory Yurkov, o ile a fuoa matla a 'muelli oa Silk Way Holding le IHC, ho latela koranta ea semmuso ea Luxembourg. Kopano ena e sebelisitsoe e le mokhoa oa ho pata beng ba nnete ba IHC.

Ho sa le joalo, Zaur Akhundov e ne e se e le mong'a 100% oa sehlopha sohle sa Silk Way ka 2014. Ka nako eo, feme le lits'oants'o tsa eona tse ngata li ne li se li ntse li lekana le lidolara tse libilione, Mehta o phatlalalitse joalo, ho ipapisitse le kopo ea tiiso ea kalimo ea k'hamphani. Akhundov, ea lilemo li 50, o ne a kile a ba le maemo a 'maloa Azerbaijan. "Ha ho hlake hore na Akhundov e bile mong'a kopano ea lidolara tse limilione tse likete le lifofane tse fetang 10, k'hamphani ea inshorense, k'hamphani ea kaho, le k'hamphani e hlokomelang lifofane, ha re bolela likhoebo tse 'maloa tsa Silk Way Group," Mehta ipotsa.

Ho ea ka Schenkkan oa Freedom House, "Azerbaijan e ka hlalosoa e le piramite e bohareng, e emeng moo melemo e eang ho lelapa le leng le bokellang rente moruong oohle. Sena se kenyelletsa mefuta eohle ea litšebelisano, eseng feela litšebelisano tsa mmuso tse ka kenyelletsang lekhetho le lichelete tsa sechaba, empa le lintho tse kenyelletsang seo re tloaetseng ho se nahana ka lekala la poraefete: ho kenya kantle ho naha, thepa ea bareki, lipalangwang - karolo efe kapa efe ea moruo, lelapa e na le thupa 'me e khaola se etsahalang. ”

Lekhotla la Amerika le lokela ho tšoara nyeoe ho fuputsa ho nepahala ha tiiso ea kalimo ea Exim Bank ea $ 419.5 milione ho Silk Way Airlines, thomello ea eona ea lihlomo ho lihlopha tsa likhukhuni tsa Middle East, le beng ba eona bo patiloeng ke lelapa le busang la Aliyev. Ntle le moo, hobaneng Azerbaijan, naha e nang le li-petrodollars tse limilione tse likete, e ka fuoa kalimo ea Amerika?