Likhamphani tsa likoloi tse hirisang le maqheka a ho rekisa a thetsang

Sengoliloeng sa molao oa maeto sa beke ena, re lekola linyeoe tse 'maloa tsa khiriso ea likoloi tse kenyelletsang mekhoa e thetsang le e leeme ea ho bapatsa eo bareki ba lokelang ho e tseba. Qeto ea haufinyane ea Lekhotla la Boipiletso la Potoloho ea 11 ho Venerus v. Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC, No. 16-16993 (Pherekhong 25, 2018) e nkhopotsa hape, kamora lilemo tse 40 tsa ho ngola ka molao oa maeto hore e mpe ka ho fetisisa, ka hole, ba hatakelang litokelo tsa bareki indastering ea maeto ke lik'hamphani tse ling tsa likoloi tsa khiriso tsa US.

Nyeoeng ea Venerus, e kenyelletsang sehlopha sa bareki ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba inshorense ea makoloi ba bolelang hore, hara tse ling, tlolo ea konteraka le tlolo ea Molao oa Ts'ebetso ea Khoebo ea Florida ea Bolotsana, Potoloho ea leshome le motso o mong e khutlisitse khano ea Lekhotla la Setereke ea ho hana setifikeiti sa sehlopha mme ea re "Nyeoe e hlaha ka… Mekhoa ea khoebo ea Avis / Budget ea ho rekisa Inshorense ea Mokoloto oa Liikarabello kapa Inshorense ea Liikarabello tse Eketsehileng (SLI / ALI) ho hira bareki ba tsoang linaheng tse kantle ho United States. Heather Venerus o qosa… hore Avis / Budget e ts'episitse ho fana ka litaba tsa SLI / ALI joalo ka leano le fanoeng ke Ace American Insurance Company (ACE) mosireletsi ea lumelletsoeng ho fana ka litaba tse joalo Florida. Venerus o tiisa hore leha a na le tlamo ea konteraka ea Avis / Budget ea ho etsa joalo, ha ho leano la ACE kapa leano lefe kapa lefe la inshorense ea SLI / ALI le kileng la rekeloa, kapa la fuoa, bahiri ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba rekileng litaba tsa boikhethelo. Sebakeng seo, Avis / Budget, eo e seng k'hamphani ea inshorense, e ne e bolela ho tiisa barekisi ba kantle ho naha ka boeona ka mokitlane oa mekoloto o neng o sena leano kapa mantsoe a ngotsoeng. Ka lebaka la ho hloka matla a ho etsa inshorense e joalo Florida, Avis / Budget ho thoe e tlohetse bahiri ntle le ts'ireletso ea semolao e netefalitsoeng le eo ba e rekileng. Ntle le moo, Lekhotla le hlokometse hore "Avis / Budget ha e hanyetse hore ha e a fumana melaoana ea inshorense ea SLA / ALI ho ACE".

Li-E-Toll tse sa tsejoeng: Taba ea Mendez

Ho Mendez v. Avis Budget Group, Inc., Civil Action No. 11-6537 (JLL) (DNJ Pulungoana 17, 2017), mohato oa sehlopha lebitsong la bareki ba litšebeletso tsa likoloi tsa khiriso bao likoloi tsa bona tsa khiriso "li neng li hlomelletsoe le ho lefisoa bakeng sa Ts'ebeliso ea, sistimi ea elektroniki ho lefa litefiso tse tsejoang e le 'e-Toll' ”, Lekhotla le netefalitse sehlopha sa naha ka bophara mme la hlokomela hore" Moqosi o tiisa hore pele, nakong le kamora ho hira… ha a ka a eletsoa hore koloi: 1) e ka hlomelloa ka sesebelisoa sa e-Toll; 'me 2) o ne a ngolisitsoe le ho fuoa ts'ebetso ea e-Toll (le ho ea pele) hore ha a tsebisoa hore (koloi ea hae ea khiriso) e na le sesebelisoa sa e-Toll, hore o tla tlameha ho lefa ho feta tefo ea' nete. qoso e bileng teng ”. Nakong ea leeto la moqosi Florida, o ne a sa tsebe, a lefisoa ke sesebelisoa sa koloi ea hae ea khiriso ea e-Toll $ 15.75 e neng e kenyelletsa tefo ea $ .75 le "chelete ea boiketlo" ea $ 15.00 "leha a ile a bolelloa… ha a khutlisa koloi hore o ne a sa qosoa hape ”. Bona hape: Olivas v. The Hertz Corporation, Case No. 17-cv-01083-BAS-NLS (SD Cal. Hlakubele 18, 2018) (bareki ba phephetsa litefiso tsa tsamaiso tse lefisitsoeng mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea litsela tse lefelloang; polelo e tlamang ea boahloli e qobelloa) .

Phetoho ea chelete e sa lokang: Taba ea Margulis

Nyeoeng ea Margulis v. The Hertz Corporation, Civil Action No. 14-1209 (JMV) (DNJ Hlakola 28, 2017), mohato oa sehlopha lebitsong la bareki ba hirang makoloi kantle ho naha, Lekhotla le rarolla qabang e fumanoeng le hlokometse hore "moqosi… o qalile ketso ena ea maemo a holimo… a tiisa hore Hertz o etsa leano le pharalletseng la phetoho ea chelete, le bitsoang 'dynamic currency conversion' (DCC) ho qhekella bareki ba lona ba hirang makoloi kantle ho naha. Moqosi o tiisa hore Hertz o qotsa litefiso tsa bareki bakeng sa rente ea makoloi ntle le ho kenyelletsa litefiso tsa phetoho ea chelete, o lefisa tefo ka kotloloho ho karete ea mokoloto ea moreki ebe o re ka bohata moreki o khethile phetoho ea chelete le tefiso e fetang e latelang. Moqosi o bolela hore e ne e le lehlatsipa la litloaelo tsa Hertz tsa DCC mabapi le ho hira makoloi (United Kingdom le Italy) mme a qosa tlolo ea konteraka, ho ruisa ho hloka toka, bosholu le tlolo ea Molao oa Bosholu ba Bareki ba New Jersey.

Litefiso tse sa tsejoeng khafetsa tsa lifofane: Taba ea Schwartz

Ho Schwartz v. Avis Rent A Car System, LLC, Civil Action Nos. 11-4052 (JLL), 12-7300 (JLL) (DNJ Phuptjane 21, 2016) e fane ka tumello ea hoqetela ea tefo e reriloeng [khetho ea chelete kapa 10 liphesente tse theolelo khiriso ea koloi ea kamoso] ea mohato oa sehlopha o netefalitsoeng pejana [Schwartz v. Avis Rent A Car System, LLC, Civil Action No. 11-4052 (JLL) (DNJ Phato 28, 2014)] lebitsong la sehlopha sa Avis bareki [ba bolelang ho roba konteraka, ho roba selekane sa tumelo e ntle le tšebetso e hlokang leeme le tlolo ea Molao oa Bareki ba New Jersey] ba ileng ba lefisoa tefo e eketsehileng ea $ 0.75 bakeng sa ho fumana limaele tse tsamaeang khafetsa le meputso e meng ka ho nka karolo lenaneong la Avis's Travel Partner. Ha e fana ka setifikeiti sa sehlopha Lekhotla le hlokometse hore "moqosi o pheha khang ea hore Baqosuoa ba nkile mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea boits'oaro bo seng molaong: ho tlohella ka boomo le mekhoa e sa lumelloeng ea khoebo… (ka) ho tlohela ka boomo taba ea hore Avis e lefisitse $ 0.75 ka letsatsi bakeng sa ho nka karolo Lenaneong la eona. 'ka bobeli ba hloleha ho kenyelletsa [ntlha ena] sebakeng seo moqosi le bahiri ba bang ba nang le kahlolo e molemo ba neng ba ka lebella ho ba bona mme ka hoo (ho fihlela moo tsebiso efe kapa efe e ileng ea etsoa) ho pata lintlha tsena libakeng tse sa tsejoeng ka sepheo sa hore Moqosi kapa bahiri ba bang ba nang le kahlolo e molemo ba kile ba bona, 'Mekhoa ea khoebo e sa utloahaleng eo ho thoeng e… e thehiloe holima taba ena ”.

Litefiso le litefiso tse seng molaong: Arizona AG

Ho State of Arizona v. Dennis N. Saban, Case No: CV2014-005556 (Arizona Super. Hlakola 14, 2018) J. Contes o fane ka qeto ea limilione tse $ 1.85 kamora nyeoe ea libeke tse hlano e fumanoeng hore Phoenix Car Rental le Saban's Rent-A- Koloi e hataketse Molao oa Bomenemene oa Bareki oa Arizona (ARS 44-1522 et seq) ka ho beha litefiso le litefiso tse seng molaong ho bonyane bareki ba 48,000 ho kenyelletsa "$ 3.00 bakeng sa PKG, $ 11.99 bakeng sa ts'ebeletso le ho hloekisa, $ 2.50 bakeng sa s / c", lekhetho le tlamang, litefiso tsa bakhanni ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse itseng, litefiso tsa ho lefa ka chelete kapa likarete tsa banka, litefiso tsa ho hloka bopaki ba inshorense e sebetsang, litefiso tsa bakhanni ba eketsehileng, litefiso tsa maeto a kantle ho naha, litefiso tsa laesense ea ho khanna ea machabeng, litefiso tsa ho theoha kamora ho sebetsa Off le litefiso tsa shuttle, tekesi le litefiso tse ling tsa lipalangoang.

Empa ha se Phetho

Lilemong tse 25 tse fetileng bareki ba makoloi ba hirile ba qositse mekhoa e fapaneng ea khoebo e thetsang le e leeme ke lik'hamphani tse ling tsa likoloi tse hirisang ho kenyelletsa:

(1) litefiso tse fetelletseng bakeng sa likotsi tsa ho thulana (CDW) [Weinberg v. The Hertz Corp., supra ($ 1,000 e huloang ka inshorense eo moreki a ka e qobang ka ho lefa $ 6.00 ka letsatsi bakeng sa CDW e fetisitsoeng ka selemo e bile $ 2,190 bakeng sa thulano ea boleng ba $ 1,000 inshorense ea tšenyo eo ho thoeng ha e nahane) Truta v. Avis Rent A Car System, Inc., 193 Cal. App. 3d 802 (Cal. App. 1989) ($ 6.00 ka letsatsi CDW e lefisa hore selemo le selemo, litefiso tse lefisitsoeng li ne li feta "inshorense" tse fetang habeli mme ho thoe li ne li le holimo ka mokhoa o sa utloahaleng)] mme ba hloleha ho senola hore CDW e ka etsisa inshorense ea mohiri [Super Glue Corp. v. Avis Rent A Car System, Inc., 132 AD 2d 604 (2d Dept. 1987)].

(2) ho lefisa ho feta ho fana ka peterole e ncha ka mor'a hore koloi e hiriloeng e khutlisoe [Roman v. Budget Rent-A-Car System, Inc., 2007 WL 604795 (DNJ 2007) ($ 5.99 ka galone); Oden v. Vanguard Car Rental USA, Inc., 2008 WL 901325 (ED Tex. 2008) ($ 4.95 ka galone)].

(3) litefiso tse fetelletseng bakeng sa inshorense ea kotsi ea motho ka mong (PAI) [Weinberg v. The Hertz Corp., supra (qoso ea hore tefiso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea $ 2.25 bakeng sa PAI ho thoe e ne e le ngata ebile e sa tsejoe ho tloha ha sekhahla sa letsatsi se lekana le sekhahla sa selemo sa $ 821.24)].

(4) litefiso tse fetelletseng tsa ho khutlisa koloi morao [Boyle v. U-Haul International, Inc., 2004 WL 2979755 (Pa. Com. Pl 2004) (“Ho na le mokhoa o tloaelehileng le tloaelo ea ho lefisa e eketsehileng ' nako ea khiriso 'leha ho hlotsoe ka botlalo ho lipehelo tsa konteraka ho hlalosa nako ea khiriso, moelelo o hlakileng papatsong e pharalletseng ea hore koloi e ka hiroa ka sekhahla se behiloeng bakeng sa letsatsi lohle le ho hloleha ha tokomane ea konteraka ho theha sekhahla sefe kapa sefe sa' tšireletso 'ka lebaka la ho hloleha ho khutlisa lisebelisoa ka nako e behiloeng ”)].

(5) likonteraka tsa khokahano [Votto v. American Car Rentals, Inc., 2003 WL 1477029 (Conn. Super. 2003) (khamphani e hirisang koloi e ke ke ea lekanyetsa tokollo ea tšenyo ea koloi ka poleloana ka lehlakoreng la konteraka; 'Tumellano nyeoeng ena ke mohlala oa khale oa konteraka ea khokahano (e 'kenyelletsang lipehelo tsa konteraka tse ngoliloeng le ho beoa ke mokha o natefeloang ke litheko tse phahameng haholo tse sa lebelloang ebile hangata li fokotsa boitlamo le mokoloto oa mokha o etsang konteraka' ”)].

(6) ho beoa ha litefiso tse ling tse sa lokang [Cotchett v. Avis-A-Car System, 56 FRD 549 (SDNY 1972) (bareki ba phephetsa molao oa tefiso ea dolara e le 'ngoe e behiloeng likoloing tsohle tsa khiriso ho koahela tlolo ea ho paka eo likhamphani tsa likoloi tse hirisang li neng li le ho eona ho ts'oaroa ka boikarabello tlasa molao o sa tsoa etsoa oa toropo)].

(7) ho lefella litšenyehelo tsa ho lokisa likoloi tse senyehileng [People v. Dollar Rent-A-Car Systems, Inc. 211 Cal. App. 3d 119 (Cal. App. 1989) (litheko tse tlase tsa litefiso tsa thekiso bakeng sa litheko tse ngata tsa ho lokisa likoloi tse senyehileng ka ho sebelisa li invoice tsa bohata)].

(8) thekiso e seng molaong ea inshorense [People v. Dollar, supra (khamphani ea khiriso ea makoloi e ikarabellang bakeng sa khoebo ea bohata le e khelosang; ho hlahlojoe kotlo ea lehae ea $ 100,000); Truta, supra (CDW ha se inshorense)].

(9) lipehelo tse sa utloahaleng tsa likotlo le lisi [Hertz Corp. v. Dynatron, 427 A. 2d 872 (Conn. 1980).

(10) boits'oaro bo sa tsejoeng ba mokoloto oa waranti [Hertz v. Transportation Corp., 59 Misc. 2d 226 (NY Civ. 1969)].

(11) litefiso tse sa tsejoeng tsa kantle ho naha tse sa tsejoeng [Garcia v. L&R Realty, Inc., 347 NJ Super. 481 (2002) (moreki ha a tlameha ho lefa litefiso tsa $ 600 tse behiloeng kamora hore koloi e hiriloeng e khutlele sebakeng sa mmuso; litefiso tsa babuelli le litšenyehelo tse fuoeng)].

(12) ho beoa ha makhetho a bohata [Commercial Union Ins. Co v. Auto Europe, 2002 US Dist LEXIS 3319 (ND Ill. 2002) (bareki ba qosa hore ba qobelletsoe ho lefa 'lekhetho la thekiso ea kantle ho naha' kapa 'lekhetho le ekelitsoeng'… ha ho ne ho se na lekhetho le joalo mme ( khamphani e hirisang makoloi) e bolokileng 'lekhetho')].

(13) mekhelo e sa nepahalang ea CDW [Danvers Motor Company, Inc. v. Looney, 78 Mass. App. Ct. 1123 (2011) (kgethollo ha e qobelloe)].

(14) ho hloleha ho senola liqoso tse ka qojoang [Schnall v. Hertz Corp., 78 Cal. App. 4th 114 (Cal. App. 2000) ("Tumello ea litefiso tse ka qojoang bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa boikhethelo ha e tšoane le tumello ea ho khelosa bareki ka liqoso tse joalo")].

(15) ho hloleha ho senola litefiso tsa laesense le tsa lits'ebeletso [Rosenberg v. Avis Rent A Car Systems, Inc., 2007 WL 2213642 (ED Pa. 2007) (bareki ba bolela hore Avis 'e itšoere ka mokhoa le tloaelo ea ho thetsa bareki ka ho lefisa $ .54 ka letsatsi tefiso ea laesense ea koloi le tefo ea $ 3.95 ka letsatsi ea litefiso tsa bareki 'ntle le ho senola liqoso ”)].

(16) mekhoa ea likopo e hlokang toka [Ressler v. Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company. 2007 WL 2071655 WD Pa. 2007) (ho belaelloa ho sebetsoa ka mokhoa o sa nepahalang ha tleleime tlasa leano la PAI)].

Hotwire Not So Hot

Ho totobetseng ho tse ngata tsa mekhoa ena ea khoebo e thoeng e thetsa ke lipolelo tsa ho emela litaba tsa nnete hampe. Mohlala, nyeoeng ea 2013, Shabar v. Hotwire, Inc. le Expedia, Inc., 2013 WL 3877785 (ND Cal. 2013), moreki oa koloi ea khiriso o ile a re o "sebelisitse sebaka sa marang-rang sa Hotwire ho hira koloi ho tsoa khirong ea koloi. lefapha la boema-fofane la Ben Gurion le Tel Aviv, Israel. Shabar o qosa hore konteraka ea hae le Hotwire e thehiloe hara mantsoe a mang, sekhahla sa khiriso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ($ 14), nako ea khiriso (matsatsi a 5), ​​lenane la makhetho le litefiso tse hakantsoeng ($ 0) le palo e lekantsoeng ea leeto ($ 70), Shabar o tiisa hore ha a nka koloi, lefapha la khiriso le ile la mo laela hore a lefe $ 70.00 ea theko e hakantsoeng ea Hotwire, le $ 60.00 e eketsehileng bakeng sa inshorense e tlamang ea mokoloto oa boraro le $ 20.82 ea lekhetho. Ka kakaretso Shabar o re o "lefile $ 150.91, ho fapana le $ 70.00 e hakantsoeng ke Hotwire". Ha e hana ho lahla tletlebo ea Shabar Lekhotla le ahlotse hore 'Shabar o tiisa ka ho lekana hore polelo ea tumello ea Hotwire e mabapi le theko eohle e hakantsoeng e ne e le leshano kapa e khelosa motho ea nang le kahlolo e molemo. Taba ea mantlha, khakanyo e ne e le leshano hobane Hotwire ka boomo e tlohetse litefiso tsa tlatsetso tsa bohlokoa le tse tlamang hore li fumanehe habonolo mme e tseba hore Shabar o tla tlameha ho lefa ho hira koloi. Taba ea bobeli, theko e qotsitsoeng bakeng sa lekhetho le litefiso tse hakantsoeng e ne e le leshano hobane Hotwire o ne a tseba hore litšenyehelo tsena e ke ke ea ba $ 0.00 XNUMX.

Kamano e Bonolo

Mohlala o khahlisang oa tšebelisano 'moho lipakeng tsa mebuso e meng ea mmuso le indasteri ea likoloi tse hirisang likotsi tsa bareki ba makoloi o hiriloe California nyeoeng ea Shames v. Hertz Corporation, 2012 WL 5392159 (SD Cal. 2012) le lipapiso tsa eona tsa Nevada Sobel v. Mokhatlo oa Hertz, 291 FRD 525 (D. Nev. 2013) le Lee v. Enterprise Leasing Company, 2012 WL 3996848 (D. Nev. 2012).

Nyeoe ea California

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ho Shames, supra “Ka 2006, indasteri ea likoloi tsa khiriso ea bapalami (RCD) e ile ea etsa tlhahiso ea liphetoho molaong oa California o ileng oa etsoa… E le phapanyetsano bakeng sa chelete ena e eketsehileng (litefello ho California Travel and Tourism Commission (Khomishene)) RCD e ne e le e lumelletsoe ho 'hlakola' litefiso tse lefelloang ho bapatso ba bareki ho hlahisa litefiso tse joalo ka thoko le sekhahla sa khiriso. Habohlokoa ke hore liphetoho tse amohetsoeng li lumelletse lik'hamphani ho 'fetisetsa tse ling kapa litlhahlobo tsohle ho bareki'. Bangoli ba bolela hore sena se lebisitse ho lefiseng litefiso tse peli tse ikhethang ho bareki ba makoloi a hiriloeng ka boikhathollo… tefo ea tekolo ea bohahlauli ea 2.5% e ekelitsoe ho theko ea khiriso ea makoloi e ileng ea thusa ho tšehetsa Khomishene. Bangoli ba bolela hore Khomishene e ile ea sebelisana 'moho le li-RCD ho lokisa litheko tsa koloi ka ho fetisetsa litefiso tsa tekolo ea bohahlauli ea 2.5% ho bareki. Taba ea bobeli, li-RCD li ile tsa "hlakola" litefiso tsa tumello ea boema-fofane tse seng li ntse li le teng tse lefelloang bareki ho lefa boema-fofane bakeng sa tokelo ea ho etsa khoebo moahong oa boema-fofane… 9% ea theko ea khiriso… bahiri (ba bolela hore ba lefile theko e phahameng ka ho fetesisa bakeng sa ho hira koloi boemafofaneng ba California ho feta kamoo ba neng ba ka etsa ka teng ”.

Linyeoe tsa Nevada

Ha ketso ea sehlopha sa California Shames e rarolloa, ketso ea sehlopha sa Nevada [Sobel v. Hertz Corporation, supra] e kenyelletsang ho fetisoa ha "litefiso tsa ho fumana tumello ea boema-fofane" e ile ea qosoa, hara tse ling, hore na mokhoa ona oa tšebetso o tlola Nev. Molao. (NRS) Karolo ea 482.31575 le Molao oa Ts'ebetso e Thetsang ea Khoebo ea Nevada (NDTPA) o nang le "Ho feta $ 42… milione e kotsing '. Ha e netefatsa sehlopha le ho fumana tlolo ea molao Lekhotla le hlokometse hore "Indasteri ea khiriso ea makoloi lilemong tsa mashome a robeli a metso e robeli e ne e kene ntoeng e matla ea theko, e leng ntoa eo ho eona [lik'hamphani tsa khiriso ea likoloi] li ntseng li cheha maraba a litefiso tse ling ho bahiri ba sa belaelleng letho mme ba sebelisitse mecha ea phatlalatso e fapaneng ho etsa joalo '”. Lekhotla le ile la fana ka moputso oa pusetso le phaello ea boitseko ka sekhahla sa molao.

fihlela qeto e  

Indasteri ea likoloi tsa khiriso ea Amerika e na le maikutlo a mabe ka boikarabello ba eona ho bareki. Haeba lits'ebeletso tsa eona li ka qojoa kapa tsa nkeloa sebaka, bareki ba eletsoa hantle ho etsa joalo. Leka Uber kapa Lyft nakong e tlang.

Sengoli, Thomas A. Dickerson, o hlokahetse ka la 26 Phupu, 2018 a le lilemo li 74. Ka mosa oa lelapa la hae, eTurboNews o ntse a lumelloa ho arolelana lingoloa tsa hae tseo re nang le tsona faeleng eo a re romelletseng eona bakeng sa phatlalatso ea beke le beke e tlang.

Hon. Dickerson o ile a tlohela mosebetsi e le Associate Justice of the Appellate Division, Lefapha la Bobeli la Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo la Naha ea New York mme a ngola ka Travel Law ka lilemo tse 42 ho kenyeletsoa le libuka tsa hae tsa molao tse ntlafalitsoeng selemo le selemo, Travel Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in Makhotla a Amerika, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Liketso tsa Sehlopha: Molao oa Linaha tse 50, Law Journal Press (2018), le lingoloa tse fetang 500 tsa molao tseo bongata ba tsona e leng fumaneha mona. Bakeng sa litaba tse ling tsa molao oa maeto le lintlafatso, haholo-holo linaheng tseo e leng litho tsa EU, tlanya mona.

Bala tse ngata tsa Lingoloa tsa Moahloli Dickerson Mona.

Sengoloa sena se kanna sa qopitsoa ntle le tumello.