Qoba Matšoenyeho a Veine. Thaba 'me u noe Bordeaux Les Legendes

1. Sebaka sa Bordeaux ke sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa se hlahisang veine Fora mme se kenyelletsa lihekthere tse 280,000 tsa lifate tsa morara le 60 Appellations d'Origine Controlees (AOCs).
2. Ho etsa veine karolong e ka boroa-bophirima ho Fora ho qalile ha Baroma ba fihla (nahana lekholong la pele la lilemo).
3. Le ha sebaka sena se tumme ka veine ea sona e khubelu, hoa thabisa ho hlokomela hore botumo bona bo sa tsoa fumanoa.

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Lijo tse ngata tsa veine

Ho latela nalane, sebaka sa Bordeaux se ne se lakatseha bakeng sa veine ea eona (boholo) e tšoeu e nang le li-winemaker tse fanang ka liperesente tse fetang 80 tsa lirapa tsa bona tsa morara ho Sauternes, Barsac, Bordeaux Blanc le Graves.

E bile feela ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-1700 veine e khubelu e tsoang Bordeaux khahloa 'marakeng mme barati ba veine ba Manyesemane ba amohela veine e khubelu ea Bordeaux e tsoang Graves mme ba e reha Claret (klairette). Hang ha baetsi ba veine ba lemoha molumo oa theko ea veine e khubelu, ba ile ba qala ho fetoha ho tloha ho tšoeu ho hlahisa veine e khubelu. Phetoho e ile ea fetoha semmuso Karolong ea 1855 e ileng ea supa bahlahisi ba hloahloa ka ho fetisisa tikolohong eo, ea ba beha 1-5. Sehlopha ha se so fetoloe (ntle le hang) leha ho na le veine tse ling tse ngata tse ikhethang.

Ho paka hore na sebaka sena se ratoa hakae bakeng sa ho etsa veine, nahana ka hore sebaka se ts'ehetsa beng ba matlo a chateaux ba 6100 le balemi ba bang ba hlahisang libotlolo tsa veine tse limilione tse 650 (2019). Vintage ea 2019 e kentse 85.2% e khubelu; Karolo ea 4.4 lekholong e ile ea phahama; Karolo ea 9.2 lekholong e tšoeu e omme, le liperesente tsa 1.2 e tšoeu.

Bordeaux ke mohiri ea ka sehloohong ho viticulture le indasteri ea veine, e fanang ka mesebetsi e fetang 55,000 e tobileng le e sa tobang. Libaka tse tharo ho tse ling le tse ling tsa temo tse 4 tikolohong eo li lema lifate tsa morara mme ka kakaretso ho na le baetsi ba veine ba 5,6000 ba hlahisang veine ea AOC. Ho liperesente tsena tse 56 ke likhoebo tse nang le malapa, ka karolelano serapa sa morara se boholo ba 19.6ha le lirapa tsa morara tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Entre deux Mers le Medoc. Hoo e ka bang liperesente tsa 5 tsa sebaka se akaretsang sa serapa sa morara sa Bordeaux ke sa libaka tse arotsoeng ka mabopong a Left and Right (Winescholarguild.org).

Sebakeng seo, beng ba matlo a chateaux hangata ba rekisa morara oa bona ka motho ea sa tsotelleng ea sebetsang joalo ka motho ea mahareng ka ho reka likabelo tsa bona tsa morara le ho rekisa / ho aba veine e hlahang. Ho veine e hlahisoang sebakeng sa Bordeaux, liperesente tsa 58 li rekisoa kahare ho Fora mme liperesente tse 43 tse setseng li romelloa kantle ho naha.

Eseng Lipolotiki. Geography: Ka ho le letšehali, ka ho le letona, bohareng

Sebaka sa Bordeaux se arotsoe ka libaka ke lebopo la Gironde ho ba Left Bank, Right Bank le Entre-Deux-Mer (sebaka se lipakeng tsa Gironde Estuary le Noka ea Dordogne).

Banka ea Left. Barati ba veine ba fumana Medoc, Graves le Sauternais (libaka tse ntle ka ho fetesisa - lehlohlojane)

• Likarolo tsa Medoc Cabernet Sauvignon; morara o hola ka motsoako oa mobu oa letsopa le masimo a lehlohlojane a alluvial.

• Ho na le likarolo tsa mabitla a Cabernet Sauvignon; mobu o nang le lehlohlojane ka lebaka la liketsahalo tsa leqhoeng tsa nalane.

• Sauternais e na le li-Sauternes (veine e tšoeu e tsoekere); mobu o matla o nang le lehlohlojane o nolofalletsang metsi, ho thibela morara ho ba le metsi a mangata.

Banka e nepahetseng. Barati ba veine ba fumana Libournais, Balye le Bourg (mobu o busoang ke letsopa le lejoe la mokoetla)

• Libournais e na le Saint-Emilion, Montagne, Pomerol, Fronsac, Cotes de Castillon; haholo mobu oa lejoe la mokoetla, lehlabathe le siliceous.

• Balye e na le Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon le Cabernet Franc; boholo ba letsopa hodima mobu oa lejoe la mokoetla.

• Bourg e na le Malbec, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle, le Semillon hammoho le Colombard le Ungi; lehlabathe, letsopa, lehlohlojane le mobu oa lejoe la mokoetla.

Entre-Deux-Mers (ke veine e tšoeu feela e nang le lebitso la AOC); Cadillac, Loupiac, Sainte-Croix-du Mont

• Cadillac (e tsebahalang ka veine ea eona e tšoeu e botrytized) e na le Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc le Sauvignon Gris; mobu o chalk ebile o lehlohlojane.

• Loupiac e hlahisa Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle le Sauvignon Gris; letsopa, mobu oa lejoe la mokoetla o entsoeng ka lehlohlojane le letsopa.

• Sante-Croix-du Mont e hlahisa Semillon, Muscadelle, le Sauvignon; letsopa, mobu oa lejoe la mokoetla.

Veine e tšoeu ea Bordeaux hangata e etsoa le Sauvignon Blanc le Semillon mme li tsejoa e le tse phetseng hantle le tse ncha (Entre-Deux-Mers) ho tse bonolo le tse kang tsa lamunu (Pessac-Leognan).

Veine e khubelu e tsoang Bordeaux hangata e na le mmele o mahareng o nang le monko oa li-currants tse ntšo, plums le lefats'e kapa lehlohlojane le metsi. Mahalapeng, boemo ba tatso bo kenyelletsa bonyenyane, litholoana le senoko, ho fana ka li-tannin tse ngata (tse ntle bakeng sa botsofali).

Bordeaux e khubelu hangata e kopane le mabitso a hlalosang lebitso la veine ho fapana le mofuta o khethehileng oa morara o kenyellelitsoeng. Mefuta e mesweu e na le diperesente tse 100 tse setseng tsa merara e lenngweng, ka diperesente tse 5 Sauvignon Blanc le Semillon ka phesente e le nngwe Muscadelle le makgowa a mang.

Ho merara e lenngoeng sebakeng seo, liperesente tsa 89 ke mefuta e khubelu, liperesente tsa 59 Merlot, liperesente tsa 19 Cabernet Sauvignon, liperesente tsa 8 Cabernet Franc mme liperesente tse peli tsa ho qetela li kenyelletsa Petit Verdot, Malbec kapa Carmenere.

Hore na boemo ba leholimo

Lifate tsa morara tsa Bordeaux li natefeloa ke lehlabula le lelelele, le futhumetseng, nakong ea selemo le ho oa, ebe li lateloa ke mariha a itekanetseng. La Foret des Landes, moru o moholo oa lifate tsa phaene, o sireletsa sebaka sa Bordeaux liphellong tsa maemo a leholimo a leoatle a Leoatle la Atlantic; leha ho le joalo, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e ama tikoloho mme e hlahisa chai. Institut National de l'origine et de la Qualite (INAO), lefapha la Lefapha la Temo la Fora, le qetile lilemo tse leshome le etsa lipatlisiso ka phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Bo-rasaense ba veine le balemi ba Bordeaux ba nahana ka botebo ka phello ea ho futhumala ha lefatše le mefuta e mecha e sa tsoa amoheloa e loketseng ho fokotsa khatello ea khatello ea metsi e amanang le keketseho ea mocheso le lipotoloho tse khutšoane tse holang.

Ka Phuptjane, 2019, Mekhatlo ea Bordeaux le Bordeaux Superieur e amohetse ho eketsoa ha mefuta e supileng e mecha ea maloetse le e sa keneleng mocheso 'me sena se emela tokiso ea pele mefuteng ea mantlha ea sebaka sa 13 ho tloha ka 1935. Mefuta e supileng e amohelehang e kenyelletsa khubelu (Marselan, Touriga Nacional, Castets, Arinarnoa), le tšoeu (Alvarinho, le Lilorila) ka lijalo tsa pele tsa mefuta e mecha e reretsoeng selemo sena. Mefuta e mecha e lekantsoe ho liperesente tse 5 tsa sebaka sa serapa sa morara se lenngoeng mme e ke ke ea ikarabella ho feta liperesente tse 10 tsa motsoako oa ho qetela oa 'mala o fe kapa o fe.

Bordeaux e hlahisitse mekhoa e meng ea tikoloho le temo ho sebetsana le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ho kenyelletsa: ho fetola mekhoa e metle ho latela litlhoko tsa sehlahisoa se seng le se seng sa morara - ho faola ho liehang, ho eketsa bophahamo ba kutu ea morara ho fokotsa sebaka sa lekhasi; ho fokotsa ho fokotsa makhasi ho sireletsa morara letsatsing; ho fetola libaka tsa pitsa ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea metsi (ka ho sa feleng kapa ka linako tse ling tse nang le metsi a hlahisang boemo ba anaerobic); kotula bosiu le ho fokotsa sekhahla sa limela.

E ka tšoarella

Karolo e fetang 65 lekholong ea lirapa tsa morara tsa Bordeaux ke tikoloho e netefalitsoeng (lebala le lecha la sebaka seo). Bordeaux e etella pele li-AOP tsohle tsa Fora ka bongata ba mangolo a phahameng a boleng ba tikoloho (HVE) bakeng sa li-winery tsa bona, ha li se li fihlile boemong bo holimo ba setifikeiti se tsitsitseng Fora le keketseho ea liperesente tsa 30 temong ea manyolo.

Baetsi ba veine ba Bordeaux ba arolelana pono le boitlamo ba ho sebetsana le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ka ho boloka mehloli ea metsi le matla e fokolang; ho sireletsa tikoloho e senyehang habonolo; le ho tšehetsa mefuta-futa ea mefuta-futa ho tloha mekhoeng e metle ea lirapa tsa morara ho isa lipaketeng tse ling. Boitlamo ba botsitso bo kenyelletsa tlhokomelo ho matlafatseng polokeho ea mosebeletsi, khotsofalo ea mosebetsi le koetliso le nts'etsopele / koetliso bakeng sa meloko ea hajoale le e tlang.

Veine ea Bohlokoa Chateau e Bordeaux

Domaines Barons de Rothschild (Lafite) Les Legendes E Etsa Hore Veine e Ntle e be theko e tlaase

Nalane ea veine ea Lafite le Latour e qeta makholo a lilemo. Lekhetlo la pele lebitso la Lafite le hlaha ho tloha lekholong la 13th (1234) ha Gombaud de Lafite, abbot oa Monastery ea Vertheuil (leboea ho Pauillac) a boleloa. Lebitso Lafite le tsoa lentsoeng la puo ea Gascon "la hite" kapa hillock.

Ho nahanoa hore lirapa tsa morara li ne li se ntse li le teng ha lelapa la Segur le hlophisa serapa sa morara lekholong la 17th mme Lafite e qala ho tsejoa e le thepa e kholo ea ho etsa veine. Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo Lafite e ile ea qala ho lekola 'maraka oa London mme ea tsejoa ho London Gazette (1707) e hlalosa veine joalo ka li-claire tsa New French. Robert Walpole, Tonakholo, o ile a reka moqomo oa Lafite likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse tharo. Thahasello ea Mafora ho veine ea Bordeaux ha ea ka ea qala ho fihlela lilemo tse ngata hamorao ho latela mehato ea Brits.

Nakong ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo Marquis Nicolas Alexandre de Segur o ile a ntlafatsa mahlale a ho etsa veine mme a ntlafatsa botumo ba veine e ntle mebarakeng ea kantle ho naha haholoholo Lekhotleng la Versailles. O tsejoa e le "Khosana ea Veine," Lafite e ile ea ba The Kings Wine ka ts'ehetso ea moemeli ea nang le bokhoni, Marechal de Richelieu. Ha Richelieu a khethoa hore e be 'Musisi oa Guyenne, o ile a buisana le ngaka ea Bordeaux e ileng ea mo eletsa hore Chateau Lafite ke "ea khabane ka ho fetesisa le ea monate ho feta bohle." Ha Richeliu a khutlela Paris, Louis XV o ile a re ho eena, "Marechal, u shebahala u le monyane lilemong tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ha u tloha Guyenne." Richeliu o re o fumane Seliba sa Bocha se nang le veine ea Chateau Lafite eo, e leng "e monate, e fanang ka seatla se bulehileng, e mosa, e ts'oanang le ambrosia ea Melimo ea Olympus."

Lafite o ile a tsebahala haholo Versailles mme a amohela tumello ea Morena. E mong le e mong joale o ne a batla veine ea Lafite mme Madame de Pompadour o ile a e fa lijo tsa hae tsa mantsiboea mme Madame du Barry o sebeletsa Veine ea King feela.

Veine ea bohlokoa ea Bordeaux ea bahlomphehi ba Mafora (Domaines Barons de Rothschild / Lafite) ea fumaneha ho rona ka lebitso la Legende.

1.            Teboho Moloi 2018. 50% Merlot, 40% Cabernet Sauvignon, 10% Petit Verdot. O holile hanyane ka har'a oak ka likhoeli tse 8 o fana ka lintlha tsa vanilla le molumo o tlase oa mosi.       

Leihlo le thabisoa ke 'mala o mofubelu o matla ha nko e natefeloa ke monko o monate oa linoko tse monate, litholoana tse khubelu, motsoako o tsoekere, o babang, o letsoai le o bolila (nahana licorice), o ntlafalitsoeng ke lintlha tsa mocha le toast ea botsofe ba moqomo . Tatso e lula mahalapeng e hlahisa boiphihlelo bo bobebe le bo monate bo fanang ka bocha bocha qetellong. Li kopane le nama ea khomo, konyana, nama ea nama kapa likhoho.

2.            Tlaleho ea R Pauillac 2017. Karolo ea 70 lekholong ea Cabernet Sauvignon, karolo ea 30 lekholong ea Merlot. Ba mashome a tšeletseng lekholong ba lilemo li sefateng sa eike sa Fora ka likhoeli tse 12.

Pono ea pele ea veine ena e pherese e tebileng e nang le lintlha tsa botšo e fana ka maikutlo a hore e tla ba e tsoetseng pele le e masene. Nko e sibolla sehlopha se setle sa linoko, jeme ea raspberry, vanilla le lejoe le thata li kopane hammoho. E itšepa molomong, e hlahisa litholoana tse ntšo, coconut le vanilla tse nang le lithane tse tlotsitsoeng. Ena ke veine e nang le mmele o felletseng mme e etsa polelo e sebete. Li kopane le nama ea nama ea khomo, sechu, chisi e butsoitseng joalo ka Comte le Saint Netaire.

3.            Legende Saint-Emilion 2016. Karolo ea 95 lekholong ea Merlot, karolo ea 5 lekholong ea Cabernet Franc (e tsoang seterekeng sa Libourne). Ba mashome a mane lekholong ba tsofetse ka lipolanka tsa oak tsa Fora.

Ponahalo ea pele ea veine ena e hlahisa mmala o benyang oa ciliegia e khubelu. Nko ea thaba ha e fumana licorice, plums, cherries, woodchips le koae. Molomo o putsoa ka litlhahiso tsa mocha, litlama, li-clove, setlolo, patsi ea khale le sebopeho se ruileng sa letlalo. Li kopane le letata kapa terine ea papali le jince ea quince, lehetla la konyana e halikiloeng ka rosemary kapa thyme, pizza le pasta napolitana kapa lasagna.

4.            Tlaleho ea R Bordeaux Rouge 2018. Karolo ea 60 lekholong Cabernet Sauvignon, karolo ea 40 lekholong Merlot.

Likhoeli tse 9 tse seng li tsofetse ka metsing a konkreite le liperesente tse 60 tsa motsoako oa hoqetela o tsofetseng ka meqomong.

Krimsone mahlong ka litholoana tse khubelu le monokotšoai, licorice le senoko se monate tse khelosang nko, haholoholo e le monko oa mocha le toast ho tloha moqomong oa botsofali o kenang boiphihlelong. Letsoai le lecha ebile le tholoana, le qetella le le tholoana e monate. Li kopane le risotto e nang le mongobo oa nama, pasta Bolognese, ham le salami. 

5.            Tšoantšiso R Bordeaux Blanc 2020. Karolo ea 70 lekholong ea Sauvignon Blanc, karolo ea 30 lekholong Semillon.

Leihlo le thabisoa ke 'mala o mosehla o mosehla oa khauta o benyang ka joang. Nko e putsoa ka litlhahiso tsa litholoana tsa tropike le maikutlo a bonyenyane. Lehalapa le hoheloa ke litatso tse chitja le tse phetseng hantle tse lebisang qetellong e monate ea litholoana. Li kopane le lijo tsa leoatleng, li-oyster tse tala, eng kapa eng e nang le mongobo oa Bearnaise le salate e tala (e sa aparang asene).

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Sengoloa sena sa litokelo tsa mantlha, ho kenyeletsoa linepe, se kanna sa hlahisoa bocha ntle le tumello e ngotsoeng ea mongoli.